1904 Gateshead by-election

The 1904 Gateshead by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 20 January 1904.^[1] The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

Vacancy

Sir William Allan had been Liberal MP for the seat of Gateshead since the 1893 Gateshead by-election. He died on the 28 December 1903 at the age of 66.^[2]

Electoral history

Gateshead had returned Liberal candidates at every election since the seat was created in 1832. Since 1886 their only challengers had been Liberal Unionists. Allan's third and final election win in 1900 was his widest;

General election January 1900: Gateshead^[3]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	William Allan	6,657	53.8	+1.8
	Liberal Unionist	John Sherburn	5,711	46.2	−1.8
Majority			946	7.6	+3.6
Turnout			12,368	74.3	−7.7
	Liberal hold		Swing	+1.8

Candidates

The local Liberal Association selected 54 year-old John Johnson as their candidate to hold the seat. He was Financial Secretary of the Durham Miners' Association and a member of the Independent Labour Party. Educated at a local village school, he had worked as a miner for 30 years. He had also been elected to Durham County Council.^[4]^[5] His candidacy was a recognition that a predominantly mining constituency should have a miners candidate.

The local Liberal Unionist Association selected 37 year-old Charles Howard as their candidate. He was the eldest son of the Earl of Carlisle. He was educated at Rugby and Balliol College, Oxford. He joined the British Army, achieved the rank of Captain in the 3rd Border Regiment and served in the Second Boer War. He had contested Chester-le-Street in 1895 and Hexham in 1900.^[6]

Campaign

Polling Day was fixed for 20 January 1904, just 23 days after the death of Allan. The campaign was therefore very short.

Result

Despite the fact that this was a January by-election, the voter turn out was well up on the previous election. The Liberals held the seat, slightly increasing their vote share:

Gateshead by-election, 1904^[3]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Lib-Lab	John Johnson	8,220	54.0	+0.2
	Liberal Unionist	Charles Howard	7,015	46.0	−0.2
Majority			1,205	8.0	+0.4
Turnout			15,235	84.9	+10.6
	Lib-Lab hold		Swing	+0.2

Aftermath

In 1904 Morpeth was elected to the House of Commons for Birmingham South, a seat he held until 1911, when he succeeded his father in the earldom and entered the House of Lords. Johnson was re-elected at the 1906 general election:

General election January 1906: Gateshead^[3]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Lib-Lab	John Johnson	9,651	65.3	+11.3
	Liberal Unionist	Theodore Angier	5,126	34.7	−11.3
Majority			4,525	30.6	+22.6
Turnout			14,777	79.4	−5.5
	Lib-Lab hold		Swing	+11.3

Johnson's majority had increased in line with the swing to the Liberals across the country. He continued to take the Liberal whip in the Commons until 1909 when he switched to the Labour Party group.

References

^ Craig, F.W.S. (1987). Chronology of British Parliamentary By-elections 1833–1987. Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 98.
^ 'ALLAN, Sir William', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 5 Jan 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 by Craig
^ 'JOHNSON, John', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 5 Jan 2017
^ The Liberal Year Book, 1906
^ 'CARLISLE', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 5 Jan 2017

[1] Craig, F.W.S. (1987). Chronology of British Parliamentary By-elections 1833–1987. Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 98.

[2] 'ALLAN, Sir William', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 5 Jan 2017

[Craig-3] British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 by Craig

[4] 'JOHNSON, John', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 5 Jan 2017

[5] The Liberal Year Book, 1906

[6] 'CARLISLE', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 5 Jan 2017

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