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1ES 0229+200

1ES 0229+200
The BL Lac object 1ES 0229+200.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationAries
Right ascension02h 32m 48.61s
Declination+20° 17′ 17.49″
Redshift0.140000
Heliocentric radial velocity41,971 km/s
Distance1.945 Gly (596.33 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)18.0
Apparent magnitude (B)18.0
Characteristics
TypeBL Lac
Size98.23 kiloparsecs (320,400 light-years)
(diameter; 2MASS K-band total isophote)[1]
Notable featuresHigh frequency-peaked BL Lac object
Other designations
BZB J0232+2017, LEDA 1622767, RX J0232.8+2017, NVSS J023248+201716

1ES 0229+200 is a relatively distant[2] BL Lacertae object (BL Lac) located in the constellation of Aries, 1.9 billion light years from Earth.[1] It has a redshift of 0.140,[3] and was discovered by astronomers in 1992 who conducted the Einstein IPC Slew Survey.[4] It belongs to a class of high frequency-peaked BL Lac objects.[5][6][7]

Characteristics

1ES 0229+200 has an active galactic nucleus. It is classified either an extreme TeV blazar[8][9][10] or an unusual high synchrotron peaked object, exhibiting a high synchrotron peak frequency of vsyn ~ 1019 Hz.[11] It also shows X-ray polarization with a polarization degree found significantly higher, compared to the first IXPE observation on Markarian 501 but similar to the observation conducted on Markarian 421.[11]

1ES 0229+200 contains a hard intrinsic spectrum with a spectral index inside an energy range betwixt ~ 0.5 TeV and ~ 15 TeV.[12] Because of its hard spectrum, the galaxy was used as a primary source to examine extragalactic background light and intergalactic magnetic fields.[11][13]

The host galaxy of 1ES 0229+200 is a relatively normal elliptical galaxy without any visible galaxy companions within its position.[14] It has a half-light radius estimated re = 3.25 ± 0.07" with a brightness of mhost,R = 15.85 ± 0.01 magnitude.[5] The supermassive black hole in the center of 1ES 0229+220 is 9.38 ± 9.08 Mʘ based on a fundamental plane measurement.[15] However a study paper published in 2005, re-estimated the black hole mass as 8.68 ± 0.13 Mʘ according to a mass-dispersion of (Mʘ −σ) value and a fundamental plane relation.[3]

1ES 0229+200 contains two radio jets, comprising a parsec-scale jet and a kiloparsec-scale jet; the former which it is aligned to.[16][17] Both of the jets located north and south, are found to be curved towards a west direction and they have position angles of -10° and 180° respectively.[17] There is also a compact radio source that is found unresolved about 100" to the north.[16]

A gamma ray signal has been found at a distance of less than 3° from 1ES 0229+200. Although no clear associations are found relating with the signal, it has a point-like nature and a steep energy spectrum.[18]

References

  1. ^ a b "By Name NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
  2. ^ Aliu, E.; Archambault, S.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Behera, B.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Berger, K.; Bird, R.; Bouvier, A.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Byrum, K.; Cerruti, M.; Chen, X. (2014-02-01). "A Three-year Multi-wavelength Study of the Very-high-energy γ-Ray Blazar 1ES 0229+200". The Astrophysical Journal. 782 (1): 13. arXiv:1312.6592. Bibcode:2014ApJ...782...13A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/13. ISSN 0004-637X.
  3. ^ a b Woo, Jong-Hak; Urry, C. Megan; van der Marel, Roeland P.; Lira, Paulina; Maza, Jose (October 2005). "Black Hole Masses and Host Galaxy Evolution of Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei". The Astrophysical Journal. 631 (2): 762–772. arXiv:astro-ph/0506316. Bibcode:2005ApJ...631..762W. doi:10.1086/432681. ISSN 0004-637X.
  4. ^ Elvis, Martin; Plummer, David; Schachter, Jonathan; Fabbiano, G. (May 1992). "The Einstein Slew Survey". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 80: 257. Bibcode:1992ApJS...80..257E. doi:10.1086/191665. ISSN 0067-0049.
  5. ^ a b Kaufmann, S.; Wagner, S. J.; Tibolla, O.; Hauser, M. (October 2011). "1ES 0229+200: an extreme blazar with a very high minimum Lorentz factor". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 534: A130. arXiv:1109.3628. Bibcode:2011A&A...534A.130K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117215. ISSN 0004-6361.
  6. ^ Giommi, P.; Ansari, S. G.; Micol, A. (1995-02-01). "Radio to X-ray energy distribution of BL Lacertae objects". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 109: 267–291. Bibcode:1995A&AS..109..267G. ISSN 0365-0138.
  7. ^ Silva Batista, Pedro Ivo (2023-04-19). "Characterizing the VHE emission of the extreme HBLS 1ES 1218+304 and 1ES 0229+200 with VERITAS". Proceedings of 7th Heidelberg International Symposium on High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy — PoS(Gamma2022). Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab. p. 083. doi:10.22323/1.417.0083.
  8. ^ Dzhatdoev, Timur; Galkin, Vladimir; Podlesnyi, Egor (2021-12-14). "Nonthermal Radiation of the Extreme TeV Blazar 1ES 0229+200 from Electromagnetic Cascades on Infrared Photon Field". Universe. 7 (12): 494. arXiv:2110.13119. Bibcode:2021Univ....7..494D. doi:10.3390/universe7120494. ISSN 2218-1997.
  9. ^ Zacharopoulou, O.; Khangulyan, D.; Aharonian, F. A.; Costamante, L. (2011-08-22). "MODELING THE HARD TeV SPECTRA OF BLAZARS 1ES 0229+200 AND 3C 66A WITH AN INTERNAL ABSORPTION SCENARIO". The Astrophysical Journal. 738 (2): 157. arXiv:1106.3129. Bibcode:2011ApJ...738..157Z. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/738/2/157. ISSN 0004-637X.
  10. ^ Acciari, V. A.; Agudo, I.; Aniello, T.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Engels, A. Arbet; Artero, M.; Asano, K.; Baack, D.; Babić, A.; Baquero, A.; Almeida, U. Barres de; Barrio, J. A.; Batković, I.; González, J. Becerra (2023-02-01). "A lower bound on intergalactic magnetic fields from time variability of 1ES 0229+200 from MAGIC and Fermi/LAT observations". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 670: A145. arXiv:2210.03321. Bibcode:2023A&A...670A.145A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244126. ISSN 0004-6361.
  11. ^ a b c Ehlert, Steven R.; Liodakis, Ioannis; Middei, Riccardo; Marscher, Alan P.; Tavecchio, Fabrizio; Agudo, Iván; Kouch, Pouya M.; Lindfors, Elina; Nilsson, Kari; Myserlis, Ioannis; Gurwell, Mark; Rao, Ramprasad; Aceituno, Francisco José; Bonnoli, Giacomo; Casanova, Víctor (December 2023). "X-Ray Polarization of the BL Lacertae Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200". The Astrophysical Journal. 959 (1): 61. arXiv:2310.01635. Bibcode:2023ApJ...959...61E. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad05c4. ISSN 0004-637X.
  12. ^ Stecker, F. W.; Scully, and S. T. (January 2008). "The Spectrum of 1ES0229 + 200 and the Cosmic Infrared Background". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 478 (1): L1 – L3. arXiv:0710.2252. Bibcode:2008A&A...478L...1S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078827. ISSN 0004-6361.
  13. ^ Vovk, Ie.; Taylor, A. M.; Semikoz, D.; Neronov, A. (2012-02-15). "FERMI /LAT OBSERVATIONS OF 1ES 0229+200: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXTRAGALACTIC MAGNETIC FIELDS AND BACKGROUND LIGHT". The Astrophysical Journal. 747 (1): L14. arXiv:1112.2534. Bibcode:2012ApJ...747L..14V. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/747/1/l14. ISSN 2041-8205.
  14. ^ Scarpa, Riccardo; Urry, C. Megan; Falomo, Renato; Pesce, Joseph E.; Treves, Aldo (April 2000). "The Hubble Space Telescope Survey of BL Lacertae Objects. I. Surface Brightness Profiles, Magnitudes, and Radii of Host Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 532 (2): 740–815. arXiv:astro-ph/9911147. Bibcode:2000ApJ...532..740S. doi:10.1086/308618. ISSN 0004-637X.
  15. ^ Wu, Xue-Bing; Liu, F. K.; Zhang, T. Z. (July 2002). "Supermassive black hole masses of AGNs with elliptical hosts" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 389 (3): 742–751. arXiv:astro-ph/0203158. Bibcode:2002A&A...389..742W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020577. ISSN 0004-6361.
  16. ^ a b Giroletti, M.; Giovannini, G.; Taylor, G. B.; Falomo, R. (October 2004). "A Sample of Low-Redshift BL Lacertae Objects. I. The Radio Data". The Astrophysical Journal. 613 (2): 752–769. arXiv:astro-ph/0406255. Bibcode:2004ApJ...613..752G. doi:10.1086/423231. ISSN 0004-637X.
  17. ^ a b Rector, Travis A.; Gabuzda, Denise C.; Stocke, John T. (March 2003). "The Radio Structure of High-Energy–Peaked BL Lacertae Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (3): 1060–1072. arXiv:astro-ph/0302397. Bibcode:2003AJ....125.1060R. doi:10.1086/367802. ISSN 0004-6256.
  18. ^ Stefanik, Stanislav; Nosek, Dalibor (2016-08-18). "Unexpected $\gamma$-ray signal in the vicinity of 1ES 0229+200". Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2015). Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab. p. 709. doi:10.22323/1.236.0709.
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