The 2012 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXX Olympiad, was a summer multi-sport event held in London, the capital of the United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August. A total of 10,768 athletes from 204 nations participated in 302 events in 26 sports across 39 different disciplines.[1][2]
Overall, 86 nations received at least one medal, and 55 of them won at least one gold medal. Athletes from the United States won the most medals overall, with 105, and the most gold medals, with 48.[a][3] The latter record is the largest gold medal haul for the country at a non-US-hosted Olympics.[3] Host nation Great Britain[b] won 29 gold medals and 65 overall medals, making it the most successful Olympics performance for that nation since the 1908 edition.[5]
During and after the Games, many athletes who were caught doping, or tested positive for banned substances, were disqualified from competition and had their medals revoked.[10][11] To date, 42 medals have been stripped, with Russia accounting for 19 of those.[12]
The medal table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. The table uses the Olympic medal table sorting method. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won, where a nation is an entity represented by a National Olympic Committee (NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next, and then the number of bronze medals.[20][21] If teams are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by their IOC country code.[22]
On 29 August 2016, a report indicated that a retested sample for Besik Kudukhov of Russia, the silver medallist in the men's 60 kg freestyle wrestling event, had returned a positive result (later disclosed as dehydrochlormethyltestosterone).[32] Kudukhov died in a car crash in December 2013. On 27 October 2016, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) dropped all disciplinary proceedings against Kudukhov, stating that such proceedings cannot be conducted against a deceased person.[33]
Key
※ Disqualified athlete(s)
List of official changes in medal standings (during the Games)
On 13 August 2012, the IOC stripped Belarusian athlete Nadzeya Ostapchuk of her gold medal in the women's shot put after she tested positive for the anabolic steroidmetenolone. As a result, New Zealand silver medallist Valerie Adams was awarded gold, Russian bronze medallist Yevgeniya Kolodko was awarded silver, and the fourth-placed Gong Lijiao from China was awarded bronze.[34] Kolodko would be later stripped of her silver for doping.
On 24 March 2016, the Court of Arbitration for Sport issued a decision that all competitive results obtained by Sergey Kirdyapkin from 20 August 2009 to 15 October 2012 were disqualified.[45] The IOC confirmed the stripping of Sergey Kirdyapkin's gold medal in the men's 50 km walk and the redistribution of the medals. As a result, Australian walker Jared Tallent, China's Si Tianfeng, and Ireland's Robert Heffernan were given gold, silver, and bronze respectively.[46]
On 24 March 2016, the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that all competitive results obtained by Olga Kaniskina from 15 August 2009 to 15 October 2012 were disqualified and stated that the possible re-allocation of medals is a matter for IAAF to determine.[47] The IOC confirmed the stripping of Olga Kaniskina's silver medal in women's 20 km walk.[48] The IOC requested the IAAF to modify the results of this event accordingly, and medals were redistributed.[49]
On 30 January 2015, the IOC confirmed that runner Yuliya Zaripova tested positive for steroids.[50] One year later, on 24 March 2016, the Court of Arbitration for Sport disqualified her for doping and confirmed that she would be stripped of her gold medal.[47] On 4 June 2016, the gold medal was officially reallocated to second place Habiba Ghribi from Tunisia by the IOC,[51] and the IAAF updated the results. Marta Dominguez from Spain was also disqualified.[52] Ghribi received her gold medal on 4 June 2016.[53][54]
On 13 July 2016, the IOC announced that Yuliya Kalina of Ukraine has been disqualified from the 2012 Summer Olympics and ordered to return the bronze medal from the 58 kg weightlifting event. Reanalysis of Kalina's samples from London 2012 resulted in a positive test for the prohibited substance dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (turinabol).[55] The IOC had requested the International Wrestling Federation to modify the results of the weightlifting events, and the IWF reallocated medals accordingly.[56]
On 20 August 2016, the IOC announced that Yevgeniya Kolodko of Russia would be stripped of her silver medal in shot put after she tested positive for dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (turinabol) and ipamorelin.[61] Kolodko had been upgraded to a silver medal during the 2012 London Games after the first-place finisher had been stripped of her gold medal for doping. The IOC requested the IAAF to modify the results of this event accordingly, and medals were redistributed.[62]
On 11 October 2016, Tatyana Lysenko of the Russian Federation was disqualified from the women's hammer throw, in which she won the gold medal. She had tested positive for a banned substance.[63] The IOC requested the IAAF to modify the results accordingly, and the medals were redistributed.[64]
On 18 October 2016, the IOC disqualified Apti Aukhadov of the Russian Federation for doping and stripped him of the silver medal.[65] The IOC requested the IWF to modify the results of the weightlifting events, and the IWF reallocated the medals accordingly.[56]
On 27 October 2016, the IOC disqualified eight athletes for failing doping tests at the Games. This included four medal winners including Zulfiya Chinshanlo, Maiya Maneza and Svetlana Podobedova all from Kazakhstan, and Maryna Shkermankova of Belarus.[66] The IOC requested the IWF to modify the results of the weightlifting events, and the IWF reallocated medals accordingly.[56]
On 21 November 2016, the IOC disqualified a further 12 athletes for failing doping tests at the Games. This included six medal winners in weightlifting including Alexandr Ivanov (Russia), Anatoli Ciricu (Moldova), Cristina Iovu (Moldova), Nataliya Zabolotnaya (Russia), Iryna Kulesha (Belarus), Hripsime Khurshudyan (Armenia).[50] The IOC requested the IWF to modify the results of the weightlifting events, and the IWF reallocated medals accordingly.[56][67]
On 25 November 2016, the IOC disqualified Ilya Ilin for failing anti-doping test.[68] The IOC requested the IWF to modify the results of the weightlifting events, and the IWF reallocated medals accordingly.[56]
On 1 February 2017, the Russian 4 × 400 metres relay women's team was disqualified due to doping of Antonina Krivoshapka.[71] The IOC requested the IAAF to modify the results accordingly, and medals were redistributed.[72] Both Yuliya Gushchina and Tatyana Firova were also banned for doping in November 2017 and February 2019, respectively.[73][74]
On 10 February 2017, the Court of Arbitration for Sport upheld a four-year ban that effectively stripped off the gold medal of Mariya Savinova, based upon her biological passport.[75][76][77] On 9 November 2015, a WADA Independent report was published in which Russian athlete Ekaterina Poistogova was mentioned as the violator of anti-doping rules.[78] After an investigation, Poistogova was one of five Russian runners whom the World Anti-Doping Agency recommended to receive a lifetime ban for doping during the London Olympics. On 7 April 2017, CAS refused to decide on disqualification from 2012, and disqualify Ekaterina Poistogova from 2015.[79] Thus, Ekaterina Poistogova retained her Olympic 2012 medal in the women's 800 metres athletic event.
On 29 March 2017, Turkish Gamze Bulut was banned for doping and lost her Olympic silver medal.[80] Previously, on 17 August 2015, the Court of Arbitration for Sport stripped Turkish athlete Aslı Çakır Alptekin of her medal and imposed an eight-year ban on her for blood doping.[43] Fourth-placed finisher Russian Tatyana Tomashova has a previous doping violation and fifth-placed Ethiopian Abeba Aregawi, later representing Sweden was suspended for doping violation on 29 February 2016.[81] Nevertheless, the IOC decided to award Tomashova and Aregawi with the silver and bronze medals, respectively.[82][83] However, see 3 September 2024.
On 5 April 2017, the IOC disqualified Russian weightlifter Svetlana Tsarukaeva due to use of turinabol.[84] The IOC requested the IWF to modify the results of the weightlifting events, and the IWF reallocated medals accordingly.[56]
On 17 January 2019, the IOC stripped Georgian wrestler Davit Modzmanashvili of his silver medal.[85] On 23 July 2019, the IOC stripped Uzbek wrestler Artur Taymazov of his gold medal.[86] In 2020, the IOC redistributed the medals, awarding two gold medals in this event.[87]
On 1 February 2019, Ivan Ukhov and Svetlana Shkolina of Russia were disqualified by the CAS for taking performance-enhancing drugs.[74] The medals were finally reallocated in 2021.
On 29 March 2019, the IOC stripped Azerbaijani weightlifter Valentin Hristov of his bronze medal.[88] On 25 November 2020, the medals were reallocated accordingly.[56][89]
On 12 June 2019, the IOC stripped Lithuanian sprint canoeist Jevgenij Shuklin of his silver medal.[90] In 2021 the original bronze medallist Ivan Shtyl was promoted to silver, and Alfonso Benavides of Spain was promoted to bronze.[91]
On 19 December 2019, the IOC stripped Ukraine's weightlifter Oleksiy Torokhtiy of his gold medal.[92] On 25 November 2020, the medals were reallocated accordingly.[56][89]
On 25 November 2020 the IOC stripped Romanians weightlifters Răzvan Martin and Roxana Cocoș of their bronze and silver medals respectively.[93] On 8 June 2021, the medals were reallocated accordingly, but the IOC decided not to reallocate the silver medal to Anna Nurmukhambetova of Kazakhstan "at the present time" because she is currently suspended for another doping violation.[94] Nevertheless, later in 2021 the silver medal was shown as reallocated by the IOC to Nurmukhambetova.[95] The IOC does not show bronze medal for Kim as of 2024.[96]
The Athletics Integrity Unit of World Athletics banned Elena Lashmanova for two years and stripped her of Olympic and world titles that she had won from 2012 and 2013.[97][98] Medals were reallocated accordingly.[99]
The Athletics Integrity Unit of World Athletics disqualified the results of Antyukh, who had already been serving a doping ban, from July 2012 onward following the re-analysis of her samples.[100][101] Medals were reallocated accordingly.[102]
The CAS banned Tatyana Tomashova for 10 years as a doping penalty. In addition, all of her results in competitions from June 21, 2012, to January 3, 2015, were invalidated, including the silver medal to which she had been elevated in a previous reallocation on 29 March 2017.[104]
A minus sign (−) indicates that medals were either stripped altogether or exchanged for a silver or gold when upgraded in a reallocation.