Family of annelids
Amphinomidae , also known as the fireworms , bristle worms or sea mice ,[ 2] family of marine polychaetes, many species of which bear chaetae mineralized with carbonate.[ 3] [ 4] [ 4]
Complanine
Complanine is a quaternary ammonium salt that has been isolated from the marine fireworm Eurythoe complanata
It was previously known that handling the fireworm caused it to release a chemical that induces inflammation of the skin of marine predators and mammals (including humans). Complanine was the first compound isolated from the fireworm which causes these effects.[ 5] [ 6]
Species
Chloeia flava Cryptonome conclava Eurythoe complanata Hermodice carunculata Hermodice carunculata Notopygos ornata Paramphinome jeffreysii Pherecardia striata Most genera in Amphinomidae are divided into two subfamilies: Amphinominae, and Archinominae.[ 7] [ a]
Lamarck, 1818 Alleurythoe Sun & Li, 2017
Amphinome Bruguière, 1789
Benthoscolex Horst, 1912
Branchamphinome Hartman, 1967
Cryptonome Borda, Kudenov, Bienhold & Rouse, 2012
Cryptonome barbada Barroso, Kudenov, Halanych, Saeedi, Sumida & Bernardino, 2018 Cryptonome conclava Borda, Kudenov, Bienhold & Rouse, 2012 Cryptonome parvecarunculata (Horst, 1912) Cryptonome turcica (Çinar, 2008) Eurythoe Kinberg, 1857
Eurythoe brasiliensis Hansen, 1882 Eurythoe clavata Baird, 1868 Eurythoe complanata (Pallas, 1766) Eurythoe dubia Horst, 1912 Eurythoe encopochaeta (Schmarda, 1861) Eurythoe hedenborgi Kinberg, 1857 Eurythoe indica (Schmarda, 1861) Eurythoe karachiensis Bindra, 1927 Eurythoe laevisetis Fauvel, 1914 Eurythoe longicirra (Schmarda, 1861) Eurythoe matthaii Bindra, 1927 Eurythoe paupera (Grube, 1856) Eurythoe rullieri Fauvel, 1953 Eurythoe syriaca Kinberg, 1857 Hermodice Kinberg, 1857
Hipponoe Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1830
Linopherus Quatrefages, 1866
Linopherus abyssalis (Fauchald, 1972) Linopherus acarunculatus (Monro, 1937) Linopherus ambigua (Monro, 1933) Linopherus annulata (Hartmann-Schröder, 1965) Linopherus beibuwanensis Sun & Li, 2016 Linopherus brevis (Grube, 1878) Linopherus canariensis Langerhans, 1881 Linopherus fauchaldi San Martín, 1986 Linopherus hemuli (Fauchald, 1972) Linopherus hirsuta (Wesenberg-Lund, 1949) Linopherus incarunculata (Peters, 1854) Linopherus kristiani Salazar-Vallejo, 1987 Linopherus microcephala (Fauvel, 1932) Linopherus minuta (Knox, 1960) Linopherus oculata (Treadwell, 1941) Linopherus oculifera (Augener, 1913) Linopherus oligobranchia (Wu, Shen & Chen, 1975) Linopherus paucibranchiata (Fauvel, 1932) Linopherus reducta (Kudenov & Blake, 1985) Linopherus spiralis (Wesenberg-Lund, 1949) Linopherus tripunctata (Kudenov, 1975) Paramphinome M. Sars in G. Sars 1872
Pareurythoe Gustafson, 1930
Pareurythoe americana Hartman, 1951 Pareurythoe borealis (M. Sars, 1862) Pareurythoe californica (Johnson, 1897) Pareurythoe chilensis (Kinberg, 1857) Pareurythoe elongata (Treadwell, 1931) Pareurythoe gracilis Gustafson, 1930 Pareurythoe japonica Gustafson, 1930 Pareurythoe parvecarunculata (Horst, 1912) Pareurythoe pitipanaensis De Silva, 1965 Pareurythoe spirocirrata (Essenberg, 1917) Pherecardia Horst, 1886
Kudenov, 1991 Archinome Kudenov, 1991
Archinome jasoni Borda, Kudenov, Chevaldonné, Blake, Desbruyères, Fabri, Hourdez, Pleijel, Shank, Wilson, Schulze & Rouse, 2013 Archinome levinae Borda, Kudenov, Chevaldonné, Blake, Desbruyères, Fabri, Hourdez, Pleijel, Shank, Wilson, Schulze & Rouse, 2013 Archinome rosacea (Blake, 1985) Archinome storchi Fiege & Bock, 2009 Archinome tethyana Borda, Kudenov, Chevaldonné, Blake, Desbruyères, Fabri, Hourdez, Pleijel, Shank, Wilson, Schulze & Rouse, 2013 Bathychloeia Horst, 1910
Chloeia Lamarck, 1818
Chloeia amphora Horst, 1910 Chloeia australis Kudenov, 1993 Chloeia bengalensis Kinberg, 1867 Chloeia bistriata Grube, 1868 Chloeia candida Kinberg, 1857 Chloeia conspicua Horst, 1910 Chloeia egena Grube, 1855 Chloeia entypa Chamberlin, 1919 Chloeia flava (Pallas, 1766) Chloeia furcigera Quatrefages, 1866 Chloeia fusca McIntosh, 1885 Chloeia inermis Quatrefages, 1866 Chloeia kudenovi Barroso & Paiva, 2011 Chloeia macleayi Haswell, 1878 Chloeia maculata Potts, 1909 Chloeia malaica Kinberg, 1867 Chloeia nuda Quatrefages, 1866 Chloeia parva Baird, 1868 Chloeia pinnata Moore, 1911 Chloeia pseudeuglochis Augener, 1922 Chloeia quatrefagesii Baird, 1868 Chloeia rosea Potts, 1909 Chloeia rupestris Risso, 1826 Chloeia tumida Baird, 1868 Chloeia venusta Quatrefages, 1866 Chloeia violacea Horst, 1910 Chloeia viridis Schmarda, 1861 Chloenopsis Fauchald, 1977
Notopygos Grube, 1855
Notopygos albiseta Holly, 1939 Notopygos andrewsi Monro, 1924 Notopygos caribea Yáñez-Rivera & Carrera-Parra, 2012 Notopygos cirratus Horst, 1911 Notopygos crinita Grube, 1855 Notopygos flavus Haswell, 1878 Notopygos gardineri Potts, 1909 Notopygos gigas Horst, 1911 Notopygos gregoryi Holly, 1939 Notopygos hispida Potts, 1909 Notopygos horsti Monro, 1924 Notopygos kekooa Borda, Yanez-Rivera, Ochoa, Kudenov, Sanchez-Ortiz, Schulze & Rouse, 2017 Notopygos labiatus McIntosh, 1885 Notopygos megalops McIntosh, 1885 Notopygos mitsukurii Izuka, 1910 Notopygos ornata Grube, 1856 Notopygos parvus Haswell, 1878 Notopygos rayneri (Baird, 1868) Notopygos splendens (Kinberg, 1857) Notopygos subpragigas Uschakov & Wu, 1962 Notopygos variabilis Potts, 1909 Parachloeia Horst, 1912
Subfamily not assigned
Notes
^ A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.
References
^ Pleijel, F.; Rouse, G. W.; Vannier, J. (2004). "Carboniferous fireworms (Amphinomida : Annelida), with a discussion of species taxa in palaeontology". Invertebrate Systematics . 18 (6): 693. doi :10.1071/IS04003 . ^ P. Gopalakrishnakone; National University of Singapore. Venom & Toxin Research Group (1990). A Colour Guide to Dangerous Animals ISBN 978-9971-69-150-9 ^ Barroso, R. M.; Paiva, P. C. (2010). "A new deep-sea species of Chloeia (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) from southern Brazil". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom . 91 (2): 419. doi :10.1017/S0025315410001499 . S2CID 87982759 . ^ a b Wiklund, H.; Nygren, A.; Pleijel, F.; Sundberg, P. (2008). "The phylogenetic relationships between Amphinomidae, Archinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Amphinomida: Aciculata: Polychaeta), inferred from molecular data". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK . 88 (3): 509– 513. doi :10.1017/S0025315408000982 . S2CID 84732410 . ^ Kazuhiko Nakamura; Yu Tachikawa; Makoto Kitamura; Osamu Ohno; Masami Suganuma; Daisuke Uemura (2008). "Complanine, an inflammation-inducing substance isolated from the marine fireworm Eurythoe complanata". Org. Biomol. Chem . 6 (12): 2058– 2060. doi :10.1039/b803107j . PMID 18528565 . ^ Nakamura, Kazuhiko; Tachikawa, Yu; Uemura, Daisuke (2009). "(−)-Complanine, an inflammatory substance of marine fireworm: a synthetic study" . Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry . 5 : 12. doi :10.3762/bjoc.5.12 . PMC 2686394 PMID 19478919 . ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Amphinomidae Lamarck, 1818" .
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