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Hammaguir

This article is about the Algerian village. For the Martian crater, see Hammaguir (crater). For the crater on 25143 Itokawa, see 25143_Itokawa § Craters.
Hammaguir
Village and air base
Hammaguir is located in Algeria
Hammaguir
Hammaguir
Coordinates: 30°54′N 3°2′W / 30.900°N 3.033°W / 30.900; -3.033
Country Algeria
ProvinceBéchar Province
DistrictAbadla District
Elevation
744 m (2,441 ft)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)

Hammaguir (also written Hamaguir and Hammaguira) (Arabic: حماقير) is a village in Abadla District, Béchar Province, Algeria, south-west of Béchar. It lies on the N50 national highway between Béchar and Tindouf. The location is notable for its role in French rocketry.[1]

Hamaguir Airport is located there.[2]

Role in French rocketry and spaceflight

Main article: Centre interarmées d'essais d'engins spéciaux

Between 1947 and 1967 there was a rocket launch site, the Interarmy Special Vehicles Test Centre (abbreviated CIEES in French), near Hammaguir, used by France for launching sounding rockets and the satellite carrier "Diamant" between 1965 and 1967. The Diamant launch pad at Hammaguir is located at 30° 46′ 41″ N, 3° 3′ 14″ W. The CIEES facility was also used for testing surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.[3]

The first French satellite Astérix was launched from there in 1965.[3]

In honor of its role in the early development of French spaceflight, its name was given to a Martian crater in 1979[4] and to an asteroid crater in 2009.[5]

Notable Launches

Date of launch Satellite Payload mass Support rocket References
18 October 1963 Félicette (cat) 15 kg Véronique [6]
26 November 1965 Astérix-1 40 kg Diamant [1]
8 February 1967 Diadéme-1 22.7 kg Diamant [1]
15 February 1967 Diadéme-2 22.7 kg Diamant [1]

Climate

Hammaguir has a hot desert climate, with extremely hot summers and cool winters, and very little precipitation throughout the year.

Climate data for Hammaguir
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 17.1
(62.8) 		20.3
(68.5) 		23.7
(74.7) 		28.4
(83.1) 		33.2
(91.8) 		38.0
(100.4) 		42.6
(108.7) 		41.2
(106.2) 		35.3
(95.5) 		28.8
(83.8) 		21.6
(70.9) 		17.6
(63.7) 		29.0
(84.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6) 		12.8
(55.0) 		16.2
(61.2) 		20.6
(69.1) 		25.3
(77.5) 		30.0
(86.0) 		34.3
(93.7) 		33.3
(91.9) 		27.9
(82.2) 		21.7
(71.1) 		15.0
(59.0) 		10.7
(51.3) 		21.5
(70.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.5
(36.5) 		5.3
(41.5) 		8.8
(47.8) 		12.9
(55.2) 		17.4
(63.3) 		22.1
(71.8) 		26.1
(79.0) 		25.4
(77.7) 		20.6
(69.1) 		14.6
(58.3) 		8.5
(47.3) 		3.8
(38.8) 		14.0
(57.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 5
(0.2) 		5
(0.2) 		7
(0.3) 		5
(0.2) 		4
(0.2) 		3
(0.1) 		3
(0.1) 		4
(0.2) 		6
(0.2) 		9
(0.4) 		11
(0.4) 		6
(0.2) 		68
(2.7)
Source: climate-data.org[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wade, Mark. "Hammaguira". Astronautix. Archived from the original on September 7, 2016.
  2. ^ "Hamaguir Airport". OurAirports. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  3. ^ a b "Le CIEES (Centre Interarmées d'Essais d'Engins Spéciaux)" (in French). Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  4. ^ "Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Hamaguir on Mars". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). November 17, 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  5. ^ "Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Hammaguira on Itokawa". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). June 15, 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  6. ^ Jouin, Georges (15 November 1963). Félicette, la 1ère chatte astronaute (Video) (in French). Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  7. ^ "Climate data for: Hamaguir". climate-data.org. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
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