Isotopes of cerium

Isotopes of cerium (₅₈Ce)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ce)
	140.116±0.001; 140.12±0.01 (abridged);
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Naturally occurring cerium (₅₈Ce) is composed of 4 stable isotopes: ¹³⁶Ce, ¹³⁸Ce, ¹⁴⁰Ce, and ¹⁴²Ce, with ¹⁴⁰Ce being the most abundant (88.48% natural abundance) and the only one theoretically stable; ¹³⁶Ce, ¹³⁸Ce, and ¹⁴²Ce are predicted to undergo double beta decay but this process has never been observed. There are 35 radioisotopes that have been characterized, with the most stable being ¹⁴⁴Ce, with a half-life of 284.893 days; ¹³⁹Ce, with a half-life of 137.640 days and ¹⁴¹Ce, with a half-life of 32.501 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 4 days and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 10 minutes. This element also has 10 meta states.

The isotopes of cerium range in atomic weight from 119 u (¹¹⁹Ce) to 157 u (¹⁵⁷Ce).

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)^[4] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy			Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Normal proportion^[1]	Range of variation
¹²¹Ce	58	63	120.94344(43)#	1.1(1) s	β⁺ (99%)	¹²¹La	5/2(+#)
¹²¹Ce	58	63	120.94344(43)#	1.1(1) s	β⁺, p (1%)	¹²¹La	5/2(+#)
¹²²Ce	58	64	121.93787(43)#	2# s	β⁺	¹²²La	0+
¹²³Ce	58	65	122.93528(32)#	3.8(2) s	β⁺ (?%)	¹²³La	(5/2)(+#)
¹²³Ce	58	65	122.93528(32)#	3.8(2) s	β⁺, p (?%)	¹²²Ba	(5/2)(+#)
¹²⁴Ce	58	66	123.93031(32)#	9.1(12) s	β⁺	¹²⁴La	0+
¹²⁵Ce	58	67	124.92844(21)#	9.7(3) s	β⁺ (?%)	¹²⁵La	(7/2−)
¹²⁵Ce	58	67	124.92844(21)#	9.7(3) s	β⁺, p (?%)	¹²⁴Ba	(7/2−)
^125mCe	93.6(4) keV			13(10) s	IT	¹²⁵Ce	(1/2+)
¹²⁶Ce	58	68	125.923971(30)	51.0(3) s	β⁺	¹²⁶La	0+
¹²⁷Ce	58	69	126.922727(31)	34(2) s	β⁺	¹²⁷La	(1/2+)
^127m1Ce	7.3(11) keV			28.6(7) s	β⁺	¹²⁷La	(5/2+)
^127m2Ce	36.9(11) keV			>10 μs	IT	¹²⁷Ce	(7/2−)
¹²⁸Ce	58	70	127.918911(30)	3.93(2) min	β⁺	¹²⁸La	0+
¹²⁹Ce	58	71	128.918102(30)	3.5(3) min	β⁺	¹²⁹La	(5/2+)
¹³⁰Ce	58	72	129.914736(30)	22.9(5) min	β⁺	¹³⁰La	0+
^130mCe	2453.6(3) keV			100(8) ns	IT	¹³⁰Ce	7−
¹³¹Ce	58	73	130.914429(35)	10.3(3) min	β⁺	¹³¹La	7/2+
^131mCe	63.09(9) keV			5.4(4) min	β⁺	¹³¹La	(1/2+)
¹³²Ce	58	74	131.911466(22)	3.51(11) h	β⁺	¹³²La	0+
^132mCe	2341.15(21) keV			9.4(3) ms	IT	¹³²Ce	8−
¹³³Ce	58	75	132.911520(18)	97(4) min	β⁺	¹³³La	1/2+
^133mCe	37.2(7) keV			5.1(3) h	β⁺	¹³³La	9/2−
¹³⁴Ce	58	76	133.908928(22)	3.16(4) d	EC	¹³⁴La	0+
^134mCe	3208.6(4) keV			308(5) ns	IT	¹³⁴Ce	10+
¹³⁵Ce	58	77	134.909161(11)	17.7(3) h	β⁺	¹³⁵La	1/2+
^135mCe	445.81(21) keV			20(1) s	IT	¹³⁵Ce	(11/2−)
¹³⁶Ce	58	78	135.90712926(35)	Observationally Stable^{[n 8]}			0+	0.00186(2)
^136mCe	3095.0(6) keV			1.96(9) μs	IT	¹³⁶Ce	10+
¹³⁷Ce	58	79	136.90776242(39)	9.0(3) h	β⁺	¹³⁷La	3/2+
^137mCe	254.29(5) keV			34.4(3) h	IT (99.21%)	¹³⁷Ce	11/2−
^137mCe	254.29(5) keV			34.4(3) h	β⁺ (0.79%)	¹³⁷La	11/2−
¹³⁸Ce	58	80	137.90599418(54)	Observationally Stable^{[n 9]}			0+	0.00251(2)
^138mCe	2129.28(12) keV			8.73(20) ms	IT	¹³⁸Ce	7-
¹³⁹Ce	58	81	138.9066470(22)	137.642(20) d	EC	¹³⁹La	3/2+
^139mCe	754.24(8) keV			57.58(32) s	IT	¹³⁹Ce	11/2−
¹⁴⁰Ce^{[n 10]}	58	82	139.9054484(14)	Stable			0+	0.88449(51)
^140mCe	2107.854(24) keV			7.3(15) μs	IT	¹⁴⁰Ce	6+
¹⁴¹Ce^{[n 10]}	58	83	140.9082860(14)	32.505(10) d	β⁻	¹⁴¹Pr	7/2−
¹⁴²Ce^{[n 10]}	58	84	141.9092502(26)	Observationally Stable^{[n 11]}^[5]			0+	0.11114(51)
¹⁴³Ce^{[n 10]}	58	85	142.9123920(26)	33.039(6) h	β⁻	¹⁴³Pr	3/2−
¹⁴⁴Ce^{[n 10]}	58	86	143.9136528(30)	284.886(25) d	β⁻	¹⁴⁴Pr	0+
¹⁴⁵Ce	58	87	144.917265(36)	3.01(6) min	β⁻	¹⁴⁵Pr	5/2−#
¹⁴⁶Ce	58	88	145.918812(16)	13.49(16) min	β⁻	¹⁴⁶Pr	0+
¹⁴⁷Ce	58	89	146.9226899(92)	56.4(10) s	β⁻	¹⁴⁷Pr	(5/2−)
¹⁴⁸Ce	58	90	147.924424(12)	56.8(3) s	β⁻	¹⁴⁸Pr	0+
¹⁴⁹Ce	58	91	148.928427(11)	4.94(4) s	β⁻	¹⁴⁹Pr	3/2−#
¹⁵⁰Ce	58	92	149.930384(13)	6.05(7) s	β⁻	¹⁵⁰Pr	0+
¹⁵¹Ce	58	93	150.934272(19)	1.76(6) s	β⁻	¹⁵¹Pr	(3/2−)
¹⁵²Ce	58	94	151.93668(22)#	1.42(2) s	β⁻	¹⁵²Pr	0+
¹⁵³Ce	58	95	152.94105(22)#	865(25) ms	β⁻	¹⁵³Pr	3/2−#
¹⁵⁴Ce	58	96	153.94394(22)#	722(14) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁴Pr	0+
¹⁵⁵Ce	58	97	154.94871(32)#	313(7) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁵Pr	5/2−#
¹⁵⁶Ce	58	98	155.95188(32)#	233(9) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁶Pr	0+
¹⁵⁷Ce	58	99	156.95713(43)#	175(41) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁷Pr	7/2+#
¹⁵⁸Ce	58	100	157.96077(43)#	99(93) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁸Pr	0+
This table header & footer: view

^ ^mCe – Excited nuclear isomer.
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ ^a ^b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^ Theorized to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹³⁶Ba with a half-life over 3.2×10¹⁶ years
^ Theorized to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹³⁸Ba with a half-life over 4.4×10¹⁶ years
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Fission product
^ Theorized to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹⁴²Nd or α decay to ¹³⁸Ba with a half-life over 2.9×10¹⁸ years

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Cerium". CIAAW. 1995.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; Incicchitti, A.; Tretyak, V. I. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (140): 4–6. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. S2CID 254103706.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

[4] Ce – Excited nuclear isomer.

[6] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-7] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-8] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[9] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission

[10] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[11] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[12] Theorized to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹³⁶Ba with a half-life over 3.2×10¹⁶ years

[13] Theorized to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹³⁸Ba with a half-life over 4.4×10¹⁶ years

[FP-14] Fission product

[15] Theorized to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹⁴²Nd or α decay to ¹³⁸Ba with a half-life over 2.9×10¹⁸ years

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Cerium". CIAAW. 1995.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[AME2020_II-5] Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

[rare_decays-16] Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; Incicchitti, A.; Tretyak, V. I. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (140): 4–6. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. S2CID 254103706.

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