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Kalaniʻōpuʻu

Kalaniʻōpuʻu-a-Kaiamamao
Aliʻi Nui of Kaʻū
Aliʻi Aimoku of Hawaiʻi
The original ʻahu ʻula and mahiole of Kalaniʻōpuʻu that was given to Captain James Cook as a gift in 1779 and now on display at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu Hawaii
Bornc. 1729
DiedApril 1782 (aged 52–53)
Kāʻilikiʻi, WaioʻahukiniKaʻū
SpouseKalola Pupuka-o-Honokawailani
Kalaiwahineuli
Kamakolunuiokalani
Mulehu
Kānekapōlei
Kekupuohi[1]
IssueKīwalaʻō
Kalaipaihala
Pualinui
Keōua Kuahuʻula
Keōua Peʻeale
Kaoiwikapuokalani
HouseHouse of Keawe
FatherKalaninuiamamao
MotherKamakaimoku

Kalaniʻōpuʻu-a-Kaiamamao (c. 1729 – April 1782) was the aliʻi nui (supreme monarch) of the island of Hawaiʻi. He was called Terreeoboo, King of Owhyhee by James Cook and other Europeans. His name has also been written as Kaleiopuu.[2][4]

Biography

Kalaniʻōpuʻu was the son of Kalaninuiamamao and his wife Kamakaʻīmoku, a high ranking aliʻi wahine (female of hereditary nobility). She had another son, Keōua, with another husband named Kalanikeʻeaumoku. This made her the grandmother of Kamehameha I.[5] During his reign, Alapainui had kept the two young princes, Kalaniʻōpuʻu and Keōua, close to him out of either kindness or for political reasons.[5][6]

Tereoboo (Kalaniʻōpuʻu) and men on canoe, bearing gifts
—Engraving by John Webber (pub. 1784)

Kalaniʻōpuʻu-a-Kaiamamao was the king of the island when Captain James Cook came to Hawaiʻi, and the king went aboard Cook's ship on November 26, 1778.[7] After Cook anchored at Kealakekua Bay in January 1779, Kalaniʻōpuʻu-a-Kaiamamao paid a ceremonial visit on January 26, 1779, and exchanged gifts including a ʻahuʻula (feathered cloak)[9][10][11] and mahiole (ceremonial helmet),[12] since it was during the Makahiki season. Cook's ships returned on February 11 to repair storm damage. This time relations were not as good, resulting in a violent struggle when Cook tried to take Kalaniʻōpuʻu hostage after the theft of a longboat, which led to Cook's death.

Kalaniʻōpuʻu-a-Kaiamamao died at Kāʻilikiʻi, Waioʻahukini, Kaʻū, in April 1782. He was succeeded by his son, Kīwalaʻō, as king of Hawaiʻi island; and his nephew, Kamehameha I,[13] who was given guardianship of Kū-ka-ili-moku, the god of war. His nephew would eventually overthrow his son at the battle of Mokuʻōhai. The island of Hawaiʻi was then effectively divided into three parts: his nephew Kamehameha ruled the western districts, his younger son Keōua Kuahuula controlled Kaʻū, and his brother Keawemauhili controlled Hilo.[citation needed]


A feathered cloak associated with Kalaniʻōpuʻu, on display at the de Young Museum in San Francisco

References

  1. ^ "MAKE". Ke Kumu Hawaii. Vol. 2, no. 6. Honolulu. March 16, 1836. p. 21.
  2. ^ Jarves, James Jackson (1843). History of the Hawaiian Islands: Embracing Their Antiquities, Mythology, Legends, Discovery by Europeans in the Sixteenth Century, Re-discovery by Cook. London: Edward Moxon. pp. 99, 2.
  3. ^ Cook (1842), p. 428.
  4. ^ Cook's Journal, March 1779: "Terreeoboo, the present king of Owhyhee, had a son named Teewarro, by Rora-rora.."[3] Webber's engraving (Journals, pub. 1784. Pl. 61) is captioned using the "Tereoboo" spelling, as shown Webber's engraving, below.
  5. ^ a b Abraham Fornander (1880). An Account of the Polynesian Race: Its Origins and Migrations, and the Ancient History of the Hawaiian People to the Times of Kamehameha I. Trubner & Company. p. 135.
  6. ^ Hawaiian Historical Society (1904). Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society. The Society. p. 7.
  7. ^ William De Witt Alexander (1891). A brief history of the Hawaiian people. American Book Co. pp. 104–116.
  8. ^ Cook (1842), p. 376.
  9. ^ Cook's Journal, January 1779: "..the king rose up, and.. threw over the Captain's shoulders the cloak he himself wore.."[8]
  10. ^ Jarves (1843), p. 105.
  11. ^ "'ahu 'ula (Feathered cloak)". Museum of New Zealand web site. Retrieved July 19, 2009.
  12. ^ "Mahiole (helmet)". Museum of New Zealand web site. Retrieved July 19, 2009.
  13. ^ "Cultural History of Three Traditional Hawaiian Sites (Chapter 7)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
Bibliography
Preceded by Aliʻi of Kaʻū
?–1782
Succeeded by
Preceded by Ruler of Hawaiʻi Island
1754–1782
Succeeded by
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