Also included is a site determined eligible for National Historic Landmark status,[3] and a list of historical sites in Florida managed by the U.S. National Park Service which also have national significance.[4]
The National Historic Landmark program is administered by the National Park Service, a branch of the Department of the Interior. The National Park Service determines which properties meet NHL criteria and makes nomination recommendations after an owner notification process.[5] The Secretary of the Interior reviews nominations and, based on a set of predetermined criteria, makes a decision on NHL designation or a determination of eligibility for designation.[6] Both public and privately owned properties are designated as NHLs. This designation provides indirect, partial protection of the historic integrity of the properties, via tax incentives, grants, monitoring of threats, and other means.[5] Owners may object to the nomination of the property as an NHL. When this is the case the Secretary of the Interior can only designate a site as eligible for designation.[6]
NHLs are also included on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which are historic properties that the National Park Service deems to be worthy of preservation. The primary difference between an NHL and a NRHP listing is that the NHLs are determined to have national significance, while other NRHP properties are deemed significant at the local or state level.[5] The NHLs in Florida comprise 2.6% of the approximately 1,600 properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida.
Built during the War of 1812 and also known as Negro Fort, it was the location of a fortification occupied by runaway slaves, as well as Native Americans living in the area. Due to a massive explosion near the end of the war, nothing remains of the fort.[11]
The first passenger railcar built for a President since the one made for Lincoln in 1865. It was used by FDR, Truman, Eisenhower, and briefly by Reagan.[17]
Wooden or masonry forts were at this site during Spanish or British colonial periods, and the Second Seminole War. The Spanish fort's capture in 1818 by Jackson led the U.S. to acquire Florida in 1821.[21]
Built at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in 1935 and launched in 1936. Served on North Atlantic Convoys and credited with sinking u-boat 626. Served in Mediterranean and African Convoys and then landings in the Philippines. Served through Korea and received two Presidential Unit Citations for service in Viet-Nam. Served in Key West during the Mariel Boat lift in 1980 and retired in 1988 after 52 years of service. She remains the most decorated cutter in Coast Guard History.
Opened in 1914, as the first U.S. permanent naval air station, first Navy pilot training center, and first U.S. naval installation to send pilots into combat.[40]
Artist J. Andre Smith founded the Center as an artist colony in 1937. With over 200 carvings and reliefs, it is an important example of Art Deco fantasy and Mayan Revival architecture in the United States.[44]
A SpanishFranciscan mission was built here in 1633 in the descendent settlement of Anhaica, capital of Apalachee Province. It was abandoned and destroyed in 1704 to prevent use by the British.[46]
Built by railroad magnate Henry B. Plant in a Moorish Revival style, and considered his premier hotel, it covers 6 acres (24,000 m2) and is .25 miles (0.40 km) long[48]
A peat deposit preserving artifacts and human burials dating to the Early Archaic period. One of the largest collections of human skeletal material of its time, and of fiber arts from any New World archeological site.[51]
Has the largest collection of buildings related to the U.S. cigar industry; was a rare multi-ethnic & multi-racial industrial community of the Deep South in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[52]
Eligible National Historic Landmark
The following property was determined eligible for National Historic Landmark status, but did not become one.[53] It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Built in 1921, the greyhound track is one of the oldest existing recreational facilities in southern Florida, and contributed to South Florida's popularity as a winter resort for the rich and famous. It became so well known for its flamingo flocks that it was officially designated a sanctuary for them by the Audubon Society.[3]
Historic areas of the NPS in Florida
National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, some National Monuments, and certain other areas listed in the National Park system are historic landmarks of national importance that are highly protected already, often before the inauguration of the NHL program in 1960, and are then often not also named NHLs per se. There are six of these in Florida. The National Park Service lists these six together with the NHLs in the state.[1]
Commemorates the landing of Spanish explorer, Hernando de Soto in 1539. De Soto's expedition was the first extensive exploration by Europeans of what is now the southern United States.
Protects several islands, associated coral reefs and marine life, and Fort Jefferson, a huge pre-Civil War masonry fort. The name "Tortugas" was given to these islands by Ponce de Leon in 1513, for the large numbers of sea turtles ("tortugas") found in the area.
Commemorates the first French attempt to establish a settlement in the present United States. The fort model overlooks the original site of the French Juguenot colony of 1564-65. The French and Spanish began two centuries of colonial rivalry in North America here.
Built to protect Spanish settlers. Two hundred and forty-five Frenchmen who challenged Spanish dominion were killed by Spaniards here in 1565. The name Matanzas means "slaughters."
A partnership between the National Park Service and local government agencies to protect the wetlands, river systems, and historic sites within Duval County near Jacksonville, Florida. Kingsley Plantation, the oldest remaining plantation in Florida, is part of the preserve.
^"Units in the National Park System"(PDF). National Park Service Office of Public Affairs. U.S. Department of the Interior. January 6, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
^Numbers represent an alphabetical ordering by significant words. Various colorings, defined here, differentiate National Historic Landmarks and historic districts from other NRHP buildings, structures, sites or objects.
^The eight-digit number below each date is the number assigned to each location in the National Register Information System database, which can be viewed by clicking the number.
^"Mary McLeod Bethune Home". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
^"Crystal River Site". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2009.[
^"Dade Battlefield". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. January 6, 2009. Archived from the original on October 20, 2013.
^"Fort Walton Mound". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
^"Fort Zachary Taylor". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
^"Gonzalez-Alvarez House". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
^"Hotel Ponce de Leon". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
^"Llambias House". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. September 30, 2014. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
^"Okeechobee Battlefield". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
^"Plaza Ferdinand VII". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
^"Safety Harbor Site". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
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