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List of countries by population in 1500

Historical Demographics

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Demographic history
Historical demography
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List of Countries by Population
1000 1500 1600
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World map depicting 1555–1556

This is a list of countries by population in 1500. Estimate numbers are from the beginning of the year, and exact population figures are for countries that held a census on various dates in that year. The bulk of these numbers are sourced from Alexander V. Avakov's Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1, pages 12 to 14, which cover population figures from the year 1500 divided into modern borders. Avakov, in turn, cites a variety of sources, mostly Angus Maddison.[1]

List

Rank Country/Territory Population
c. 1500 estimate		 Percentage of
world population
–   World [2] 438,000,000 –
1 Ming China[3][4]
Subdivisions
 60,000,000–103,000,000 23.5%
2 Delhi Sultanate

Lodi dynasty

~55,000,000 ~12.6%
3 Holy Roman Empire[5]
Subdivisions
 23,000,000+ 5.3%
4 Vijayanagara Empire[12]
Subdivisions
 18,000,000[13] 4.1%
5 France and possessions
Subdivisions
 16,250,000 3.7%
6 Ottoman Empire[15][16]
Subdivisions
Vassal states
 12,640,000 2.8%
7 Inca Empire[18][19] 12-32,000,000 −4.6%
8 Bengal Sultanate[20] 10,526,000 2.4%
9 Ashikaga Japan[21] 9,800,000 2.2%
10 Joseon[22] 9,000,000 2.1%
11 Spain and possessions
Subdivisions
 8,900,000 2.0%
12 Polish–Lithuanian Union[25]
Subdivisions
 7,500,000 1.7%
13 Grand Duchy of Moscow[27] 6,000,000 1.4%
14 Aztec Empire[19] 6,000,000 1.4%
15 Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt[28][20]
Subdivisions
 5,867,000 1.3%
16 Lê dynasty (Đại Việt)[29] 5,625,400 1.3%
17 Aq Qoyunlu Iran[30] ~4,000,000 0.9%
18 Majapahit Empire[31][a] Less than 4,000,000 0.9%
19 Union of Kingdom of Hungary
and Kingdom of Croatia[32][33]
| Kingdom of Hungary
| Kingdom of Croatia, without medieval Slavonia 		3,000,000[34][failed verification]
500,000[35] 		0.9%*
20  Morocco Wattasid dynasty 3,500,000 0.8%
21 Portugal and possessions
Subdivisions
 3,000,000+ 0.7%+
22 Northern Yuan[36] ~2,760,000 0.6%
23 England and possessions
Subdivisions
 2,750,000 0.6%
24 Champa[39] 2,500,000[c] 0.6%
25 Ayutthaya Siam Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam)[20] 2,000,000 0.5%
26 Muisca Confederation[40] 2,000,000 0.5%
27

Papal States[14]

2,000,000 0.5%
28 Ethiopian Empire[20] 1,870,000 0.4%
29 Kalmar Union[22]
Subdivisions
 1,690,000 0.4%
30 Republic of Venice[14]
Subdivisions
 1,500,000 0.3%
31 Kingdom of Tlemcen 1,500,000 0.3%
32 Cambodia[20] 1,224,000 0.3%
33 Hafsid dynasty 800,000 0.2%
34 Republic of Florence[14] 750,000 0.2%
35 Kingdom of Scotland[41] 500,000 0.1%
36 Lan Xang[42] 400,000 0.1%
37 Principality of Moldavia[17] 400,000 0.1%
38 Malacca Sultanate[12][d] 135,000 0.03%
39 Nan Madol (Saudeleur dynasty) 25,000[43] 0.004%

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Combined 17th-century population of Bali (600,000), half of Java (2,000,000), half of Borneo (200,000), one-third of Sumatra (223,000), and half of the Lesser Sunda Islands (300,000), plus several other minor islands and exclaves.
  2. ^ Only about 1/3 of Ireland was under the English Crown in 1500 (through direct control by the crown, such as The Pale, or through the Anglo-Irish Lords).
  3. ^ At its height
  4. ^ Population was estimated to be between 65,000 – 200,000.

References

  1. ^ "The World Economy: Historical Statistics". www.oecd-ilibrary.org. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  2. ^ Angus Maddison, 2003, The World Economy: Historical Statistics, Vol. 2, OECD, Paris. (2008, ggdc.net)
  3. ^ Edwin Oldfather Reischauer, John King Fairbank, Albert M. Craig (1960) A history of East Asian civilization, Volume 1. East Asia: The Great Tradition, George Allen & Unwin Ltd. Gives a differing figure of 125 million, compared to Avakov's 103 million.
  4. ^ Yi, Zhongtian (November 2007). The End of the Empire. Fudan University Press. p. 254.
  5. ^ The combined population of Germany (12m), Austria (2m), Czechia (2.16m), Belgium (1.4m), the Netherlands (0.95m), Switzerland (0.65m), Slovenia (0.208m), and a third of Italy (3.5m); does not include the Empire's various now-French territories such as Franche-Comté (6,300 square miles, ruled by the Dukes of Burgundy), the départements of Nord and Pas-de-Calais (4,800 square miles together, part of the Habsburg Netherlands), Alsace (3,200 square miles), the County of Nice (1,500 square miles, ruled by the Savoyards), or core Savoy itself (4,000 square miles, ruled by the Savoyards). Avakov, p. 12-13.
  6. ^ Belgium (1,400,000) plus the Netherlands (950,000) plus Luxembourg, not counting the bits of modern France and Germany that were then part of the Habsburg Netherlands. Avakov, p. 12-13.
  7. ^ a b c d e Grigg, D. B. (1980). Population Growth and Agrarian Change: An Historical Perspective. CUP Archive. p. 55. Retrieved 19 July 2016. population sicily 1500.
  8. ^ Smith, p. 17: population is given as 434,000 in the mid-16th century and 468,000 in the late 16th century.
  9. ^ Marcus, Kenneth H. (2000). Politics of Power: Elites of an Early Modern State in Germany. Page 8.
  10. ^ Preserved Smith. The Social Background of the Reformation. 1920. Page 17. Population is given as 300–400,000 in 1535.
  11. ^ Roughly the modern borders of Slovenia.
  12. ^ a b Globalising Migration History: The Eurasian Experience (16th–21st Centuries). BRILL. 27 March 2014. p. 101. ISBN 9789004271364. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  13. ^ Morrison and Sinopoli, Kathleen and Carla (February 1992). "Economic Diversity and Integration in a Pre-Colonial Indian Empire". World Archaeology. 23 (3): 335–352. doi:10.1080/00438243.1992.9980184. JSTOR 124767. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Jones, J. A. P. (1997). Europe, 1500–1600. Nelson Thornes. ISBN 9780174350644. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  15. ^ Behar, Cem, ed. 1996. Osmanlı Đmparatorluğu'nun ve Türkiye'nin nüfusu, 1500–1927. Ankara: T.C. Basbakanlık Devlet Đstatistik Enstitüsü = State Institute of Statistics Prime Ministry Republic of Turkey.
  16. ^ "religiya-karaimov" (PDF).
  17. ^ a b Murgescu, Bogdan (14 June 2016). Romania si Europa. Polirom. pp. 75–76. ISBN 9789734620418.
  18. ^ "Inca Population Estimates". 29 November 2012.
  19. ^ a b ""La catastrophe démographique" (The Demographical Catastrophe"), L'Histoire n°322, July–August 2007, p. 17".
  20. ^ a b c d e Avakov, Alexander V. (April 2015). Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1. Algora. ISBN 9781628941012. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  21. ^ (a) Jean-Noël Biraben, "The History of the Human Population From the First Beginnings to the Present" in "Demography: Analysis and Synthesis: A Treatise in Population" (Eds: Graziella Caselli, Jacques Vallin, Guillaume J. Wunsch) Vol 3, Chapter 66, pp 5–18, Academic Press, San Diego (2005). (b) Jean-Noël Biraben, "An Essay Concerning Mankind's Evolution", Population, Selected Papers, Vol. 4, pp. 1–13 (1980). (c) Jean-Noël Biraben, "Essai sur l'évolution du nombre des hommes", Population Vol. 34 (no. 1), pp. 13–25 (1979).
  22. ^ a b "Appendix B Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820" (PDF). 27 July 2016.
  23. ^ "Castile, Aragon, Granada, and Portugal 1400–1517". Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  24. ^ Haiti (124,000) and the Dominican Republic (15,000). ALmost all of these were Taino natives who died off en masse in the following decades.
  25. ^ Norman John Greville Pounds (1979). An Historical Geography of Europe, 1500–1840. Cambridge University Press. p. 104. ISBN 9780521223799. Retrieved 10 August 2016. population austria 1500.
  26. ^ Samsonowicz, Henryk (1997). "Probe einer demograpischen Einschätzung Polen um das Jahr 1500". Studia Historiae Oeconomicae (in German). 22: 16–24.
  27. ^ Avakov, p.12; the figure is 8.183 million for all of modern European Russia, including the steppe and Caucasian polities that were not under the Grand Duchy of Moscow's control. Natalia Gorskaya (1994) in "Историческая демография России эпохи феодализма: итоги и проблемы изучения" (in Russian), p. 93-96, gives the Grand Duchy a population of 5.8 million in 1500.
  28. ^ Borsch, Stuart J. (15 September 2009). The Black Death in Egypt and England: A Comparative Study. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292783171.
  29. ^ Li 1998, p. 171.
  30. ^ Maddison, Angus. "Population 1500" (PDF).
  31. ^ Reid, Anthony (1988). SEA in the Age of Commerce vol. 1. Yale University Press. p. 14.
  32. ^ "Tacitus: Historical Atlas". Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  33. ^ Miller, Jaroslav (11 February 2016). Urban Societies in East-Central Europe, 1500–1700. Routledge. ISBN 9781317003403. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  34. ^ "És ha mégis tudtak számolni? Avagy: hány katona kell az ország védelmére?".
  35. ^ "Prof. Akrap: Stanovništvo RH - prošlost, sadašnjost, budućnost". 20 September 2011.
  36. ^ Chuluun, S. (2014). Mongols: XYII-early XX centuries.
  37. ^ Connolly, S. J. (30 July 2009). Contested Island: Ireland 1460–1630. Oxford University Press. p. 404. ISBN 9780199563715.
  38. ^ "Map of Control of Ireland in 1500".
  39. ^ Proctor, Ann R. (2018), Buddhist Art of 9th Century Campa: Đồng Dương, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 140
  40. ^ Juan Friede (1966). Invasión del país de los chibchas. Santa Fe de Bogotá: Ediciones Tercer Mundo, pp. 19, in Spanish
  41. ^ Houston, R.A. & White, I. D. (Cambridge University Press) (1989). "Scottish Society: 1500–1800". Library of Congress.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  42. ^ "Data on Laos | Reconstructing Global Inequality". clio-infra.eu. Retrieved 2022-07-12.
  43. ^ "Nan Madol (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov.

Sources

  • Li, Tana (1998). Nguyen Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9781501732577.
  • Kurt Witthauer. Bevölkerung der Erde (1958)
  • Calendario Atlante de Agostini, anno 99 (2003)
  • The Columbia Gazetteer of the World (1998)
  • Britannica Book of the Year: World Data (1997)
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