Name(s)
Picture
Origin
Common usage
Pitched /Unpitched /Both
Hornbostel–Sachs Classification
References and notes
Aburukuwa
Ghana
Unpitched
211 Membranophone
Afoxé
Brazil
Unpitched
112.122 Idiophone
Agogô
Yoruba
Unpitched
111.242 Idiophone
Commonly used in Samba.
Agung
Philippines
Unpitched
111.241.2 Idiophone
Agung a tamlang
Philippines
111.24 Idiophone
Alarm device
Both
May be electronic or mechanical
Alfaia
Brazil
Unpitched
211.212.1 Membranophone
Alligator drum
China
Unpitched
211.2 Membranophone
Angklung
Indonesia
Pitched
111.232 Idiophone
[ 1]
Anvil
Unpitched
111 Idiophone
A similar-sounding alternative is often used due to the weight of the blacksmith's anvil[ 2]
Apito
Brazil
Unpitched
421.221.11 Aerophone
Also known as samba whistle . Some apitos produce up to three different tones, but none of these is normally used as a pitched note.[ 3] [failed verification ]
Ashiko
Yoruba
Unpitched
211.251.1 Membranophone
Atabaque
Brazil
Unpitched
211.221.1 Membranophone
1
Atumpan
Ghana
Unpitched
211 . 221 . 1 Membranophone
Axatse
Ghana
Unpitched
454.456 Idiophone
Babendil
Philippines
Unpitched
111.242.1 Idiophone
Bak
Korea
Unpitched
111.12 Idiophone
Balafon
Mali
Pitched
111.212 Idiophone
Bamboo clapper
Myanmar
Unpitched
321.321.6 Idiophone
Bamboula
Unpitched
211.212.1 Membranophone
Bara
West Africa
Unpitched
211.11 Membranophone
Bass drum
Unpitched
211.212.1 Membranophone
Batá drum
Nigeria
Unpitched
211.242.12 Membranophone
Beatboxing
Both
4 Aerophone
Bedug
Indonesia
Unpitched
211.212.1 Membranophone
Bell
China
Both
111.242 Idiophone
Bell plate
Asia
Pitched
111.222 Idiophone
Bell tree
Unpitched
111.242.221 Idiophone
Often confused with mark tree
Bendir
North Africa
Unpitched
211.311 Membranophone
Berimbau
Brazil
Pitched
Chordophone
Bianzhong
China
Pitched
Idiophone
Binzasara
Japan
Unpitched
Idiophone
Bo
Unpitched
Idiophone
Bock-a-da-bock
Unpitched
111.1 Idiophone
Bodhrán
Ireland
Unpitched
211.321 Membranophone
Body percussion
Unpitched
Membranophone
Bombo criollo
Unpitched
Membranophone
A family of Latin American drums derived from the European bass drum
Bombo legüero
Unpitched
Membranophone
Argentina
Bonang
Indonesia
Pitched
111.241.2 Idiophone
Bones (instrument)
Unpitched
111.11 Idiophone
Bongo drum
Cuba
Unpitched
211.251.2 Membranophone
Boobam
United States
Unpitched
211.211.1 Membranophone
Boomwhacker
United States
Pitched
Idiophone
Plastic percussion tubes
Bougarabou
West Africa
Unpitched
211.261.2 Membranophone
Bubon
Ukraine
Unpitched
232.311 Membranophone
Type of skinned Tambourine
Buk
Korea
Unpitched
211.222.1 Membrarophone
Cabasa
Unpitched
112.122 Idiophone
Cajón
Peru
Unpitched
111.24 Idiophone
Box Drum
Cajón de rumba
Cuba
Unpitched
111.24 Idiophone
Calung
Indonesia
Pitched
111.232 Idiophone
Carimbo
Africa
Unpitched
Membranophone
Candombe drums
Uruguay
Unpitched
Membranophone
Cannon
Unpitched
Pyrophone
Used in 1812 Overture
Cantaro
Mexico
Carillon
Low Countries
Pitched
111.242.2 Idiophone
A type of bell tower inner workings.
Castanets
Unpitched
111.141 Idiophone
Caxirola
Brazil
Unpitched
Idiophone
Caxixi
West Africa
Unpitched
112.13
African basket rattle
Celesta
France
Pitched
111.222 Idiophone
As a keyboard instrument , not part of the percussion section of the orchestra[ 4]
Chácaras
Canary Islands
Unpitched
111.141 Idiophone
Chenda
India
Unpitched
211.212 Membranophone
Chime bar
Pitched
111.221 Idiophone
Chime (bell instrument)
Pitched
111.242.2 Idiophone
Chimta
South Asia
Idiophone
China cymbal
Unpitched
111.24 Idiophone
Cimbalom
Hungary
Pitched
Chordophone
Clapper
Unpitched
Idiophone
Clapping
Unpitched
Idiophone
Clap stick
Australia
Unpitched
111.11 Idiophone
Clash cymbals
Unpitched
111.142 Idiophone
Better known as crash cymbals
Claves
Unpitched
111.11 Idiophone
Clavichord
Pitched
314.122-4-8 Chordophone
Sound formed by striking the strings, but played as a keyboard instrument
Cocktail drum
Unpitched
Membranophone
Conga
Cuba
Unpitched
211.221.1 Membranophone
Cowbell
Both
111.242 Idiophone
Tuned cowbells are known as almglocken or alpine bells [ 5]
Crotale
Both
111.24 Idiophone
Crystallophone
Pitched
Idiophone
Cuíca
Disputed
Pitched
231.11 Friction Membranophone
Cultrun
Chile
Unpitched
321.322 Membranophone
Cup chime
Pitched
111.24 Idiophone
The only pitched cymbal , it is identical to a bell cymbal in all but usage
Cymbal
Unpitched
111 Idiophone
Dabakan
Philippines
Unpitched
211 Membranophone
Although shape is variously described as goblet, hourglass, conical, or tubular.
Daf
Iran
Unpitched
211.311 Membranophone
Also known as Dafli, Dap, Def, Tef, Defi, Gaval, Duf , and larger ones defi or daire
Damaru
South Asia
Unpitched
212 Membranophone
Type of Pellet drum .
Damphu
Nepal
Unpitched
Membranophone
Đàn tam thập lục
Vietnam
Pitched
Chordophone
Type of hammered dulcimer.
Davul
Unpitched
211.212 Membranophone
Daxophone
Germany
Pitched
132.1 Friction Idiophone
Bowed percussion invented by Hans Reichel
Dayereh
Iran
Unpitched
211.311 Membranophone
Also known as doyra, dojra, dajre, doira, dajreja
Den-den daiko
Japan
Unpitched
212 Membranophone
Type of Pellet drum .
Derkach
Ukraine
Unpitched
112.24 Idiophone
Type of ratchett
Dhaa
Nepal
Unpitched
211.212 Membranophone
Dhimay
Nepal
Unpitched
211.212 Membranophone
Dholak
South Asia
Both
211.222.1 Membranophone
Also known as dholki , similar to dohl
Dhol
India
Both
211.212.1 Membranophone
The bass head is pitched, the treble often unpitched, see pitched percussion instruments easily mistaken for unpitched
Dimdi
India
Unpitched
211.311 Membranophone
Djembe
Mandinka
Unpitched
211.261.1 Membranophone
Dollu
India
Unpitched
211.222.1 Membranophone
Đông Sơn drums
Vietnam
Bronze drums
Drum
Membranophone
Drum stick
Unpitched
111.11 Idiophone
Drum kit
New Orleans
Unpitched
Membranophone
Dunun
Mandé
Both
211.212.1 Membranophone
In ballet style playing, a repeating melody is played on three pitched drums
Egg shaker
Unpitched
112.13 Idiophone
Ekwe
Nigeria
Unpitched[clarification needed ]
111.24 Idiophone
A type of slit drum
Electronic drum
England
Both
53 Electrophone
Esterilla
Colombia
Unpitched
Idiophone
Ferrinho
Cape Verde
Unpitched
Idiophone
Fiddlesticks
Chordophone
Finger snapping
Unpitched
Idiophone
Flexatone
Pitched
112.12 Idiophone
Flower drum
China
Unpitched
Idiophone
Fontomfrom
Ghana
Membranophone
Found object
Frame drum
Unpitched
211.3 Membranophone
Friction drum
Both
Membranophone
A drum where a stick or chord is drawn through a hole in the membrane to make a sound.
Frog güiro
Galgo
Korea
Unpitched
211.242.1 Membranophone
Gandingan
Philippines
Unpitched
111.241.2 Idiophone
Ganzá
Brazil
Unpitched
112.13
Gbedu
Yoruba
Unpitched
Membranophone
Gendèr
Indonesia
Pitched
111.222 Idiophone
Geophone
France
Unpitched
Membranophone
Ghatam
India
Unpitched
Idiophone
Glasschord
Glass harmonica
United States
Pitched
133.2 Idiophone
Specifically a friction Idiophone
Glass harp
Ireland
Pitched
133.2 Idiophone
Specifically a friction Idiophone
Glockenspiel
Pitched
111.212 Idiophone
Goblet drum
Unpitched
211.261 Membranophone
Generic type by construction, see also individual instrument names
Goema
South Africa
Unpitched
Membranophone
Gong
Brunei China Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Myanmar Tibet Vietnam
Pitched
111.241.1 Idiophone
Gong bass drum
Japan
Unpitched
211.311 Membranophone
Gonguê
Brazil
Unpitched
111.242 Idiophone
Gome
Ghana
Unpitched
211.311 Membraphone
Gudugudu
Yoruba
Pitched
211.11 Membranophone
Güira
Dominican Republic
Unpitched
112.23 Idiophone
Güiro
Cuba, Panama
112.23 Idiophone
Also known as scraper
Gumbe
Jamaica, Sierra Leone
Unpitched
211.311 Membraphone
Hammered dulcimer
Pitched
Chordophone
Listed as a stringed instrument in some classifications
Handbell
England
Both
111.242 Idiophone
Handchime
Pitched
111.231 Idiophone
Hand-repique
Brazil
211.211.1 Membranophone
Handpan
Pitched
111.24 Idiophone
Hang
Pitched
111.24 Idiophone
Hi-hat
Unpitched
111.142 Idiophone
Hosho
Zimbabwe
Unpitched
112.13 Idiophone
Huiringua
Type of slit drum
Hydraulophone
Hyoshigi
Japan
Unpitched
111.11 Idiophone
Igba
Unpitched
Membranophone
Ikembe
Africa
Pitched
122.1 Idiophone
Lamellophone
Ikoro
Nigeria
Unpitched
111.24 Idiophone
Ilimba
Zimbabwe
Unpitched
211.11 Membranophone
Jam block
Unpitched
111.2 Idiophone
Janggu / Janggo / Changgo
Korea
Pitched
211.242.1 Membranophone
Jawbone
Peru
Unpitched
112.211 Idiophone
Jew's harp
China
Pitched
121.22 Lamellophone
Jhallari
India
Pitched
Chordophone
Jingle
Jori
South Asia
pitched
Membranophone
Junjung
Serer
Unpitched
Membranophone
Kakko
Japan
Unpitched
211.212.1 Membranophone
Kanjira
India
Unpitched
211.311 Membranophone
Karyenda
Kebero
Ethiopia
Unpitched
Membranophone
Kecer
Indonesia
Unpitched
111.142 Idiophone
Kemanak
Indonesia
Pitched
111.24 Idiophone
Kempyang and ketuk
Indonesia
111.241.1 Idiophone
Kendang
Southeast Asia
Unpitched
211.222.1 Membranophone
Kenong
Indonesia
Pitched
111.241.2 Idiophone
Kepyak
Indonesia
Unpitched
111 Idiophone
Keyboard glockenspiel
Pitched
111.222 Idiophone
A keyboard instrument, not normally part of a percussion section
Khim
South Asia
Pitched
Chordophone
Type of hammered dulcimer
Khol
India
Unpitched
Membranophone
Kirikoketa
Basque
Idiophone
Kiringi
Kisanji
Congo
Pitched
Lamellaphone
Klong khaek
Thailand
Unpitched
Membranophone
Klong yao
Thailand
Unpitched
Membranophone
Kouxian
China
Both
121.2 Idiophone
Kpanlogo
Ghana
Unpitched
211.221.1 Membranophone
Kulintang
Southeast Asia
Pitched
111.241.2 Idiophone
Kundu
,
Papua
Unpitched
211.222.1 Membranophone
Papuan musical instrument
Kus
Persia
Membranophone
Ancient Persian kettledrum
Lambeg
Ireland
Unpitched
211.212 Membranophone
Lion's roar
Unpitched
232.11 Membranophone
Has also been referred to as a Chordophone or a Friction drum
Lithophone
Global
Pitched
Idiophone
Either natural or placed rock formations which produce differing tones when struck.
Lujon
United States
Pitched
111.222 Idiophone
Bass Metalophone
Lummi stick
Native American
Unpitched
111.11 Idiophone
Madal
Nepal
Unpitched
Membranophone
Maddale
India
Unpitched
211.222 Membranophonre
Madhalam
India
Unpitched
Mambranophone
Maktoum
Unpitched
Membranophone
Makuta
Cuba
Unpitched
Membranophone
Malimbe
Congo
Pitched
111.212 Idiophone
Mangey
Middle East
Unpitched
Membranophone
Maraca
Venezuela
Unpitched
112.13 Idiophone
Maram (drum)
India
Membranophone
Marching machine
Unpitched
111.212 Idiophone
[ 6]
Marfa
Marimba
Africa Guatemala Mexico Honduras Nicaragua Costa Rica
Pitched
111.212 Idiophone
Marímbula
Caribbean
Pitched
122.1 Idiophone
Mark tree
United States
Unpitched
111.232 Idiophone
Also known as a chime tree or bar chimes
Mbira
Africa
Pitched
122.1 Idiophone
African musical instrument, a type of plucked idiophone (lamellophone)
Metallophone
Asia
Pitched
111.222 Idiophone
Metronome
Europe
unpitched
Idiophone
Mechanical
Mirwas
Bahrain Brunei Indonesia Oman Saudi Arabia Yemen
Both
Membranophone
Monkey stick
England
Unpitched
112.12 Idiophone
Also known as mendoza or lagerphone
Mridangam
India
Pitched
211.222.1 Membranophone
Musical saw
Pitched
132.1 Friction Idiophone
Nagara
Asia Azerbaijan Dagestan Iran Turkey Turkmenistan
Unpitched
Membranophone
Naqara
Mongolia
Unpitched
Membranophone
Large battle drum
Naqareh
Azerbaijan India Saudi Arabia Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
Unpitched
Membranophone
Naqus
Morocco
Idiophone
Ngoma drums
Africa
Unpitched
Membranophone
North Drums
United States
Unpitched
Membranophone
Obrom
Nigeria
Ocean drum
Unpitched
Octoban
Japan
Both
211.211.1 Membranophone
Omele
Nigeria
Onavillu
India
Pitched
Chordophone
Ōtsuzumi
Japan
Pitched
211.242.1 Membranophone
Padayani thappu
India
Unpitched
Membranophone
Pahu
Hawaii
Unpitched
Membranophone
Pahū pounamu
New Zealand
Unpitched
Idiophone
Traditional Maori gong.
Paiban
China
Unpitched
111.11 Idiophone
Paila criolla
Cuba
Unpitched
Membranophone
Pakhavaj
India
pitched
211.222.1 Membranophone
Pambai
India
Unpitched
Membranophone
Pandeiro
Brazil
Unpitched
211.311 Membranophone
Pandero jarocho
Mexico
Unpitched
211.311 Membranophone
Octagonal Tambourine
Pantalon
Europe
Pitched
Chordophone
A type of hammered dulcimer.
Pellet drum
Unpitched
212 Membranophone
Pixiphone
England
Pitched
111.212 Idiophone
Practice pad
Unpitched
Plasmaphone
United States
Pyrophone
Quadrangularis Reversum
United States
Pitched
111.212 Idiophone
Quintephone
Rainstick
Mexico
Unpitched
112.13 Idiophone
Subclassed as a combination Shaken Idiophone and Individual friction vessel
Rakatak
Ghana
Unpitched
234.345 Idiophone
Ranat ek
Thailand
Pitched
Idiophone
Ranat ek lek
Thailand
Pitched
Idiophone
Ranat thum
Thailand
Pitched
Idiophone
Ranat thum lek
Thailand
Pitched
Idiophone
Ratchet
Unpitched
112.24 Idiophone
Rattle
Unpitched
112.13 Idiophone
Ravanne
Mauritius
Unpitched
Rebana
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Both
211.311 Membranophone
Repique
Brazil
Unpitched
211.212.1 Membranophone
Ring of bells
Pitched
Idiophone
Ring-repique
Brazil
Unpitched
211.212.1 Membranophone
Ringing rocks
Idiophone
Riq
Middle East
Unpitched
Membranophone
Rock gong
Both
111.22 Idiophone
A type of constructed Lithophone
Rototom
United States
Both
211.311 Membranophone
classified it as no handle although it is usually mounted
Sabar
Senegal, The Gambia
Unpitched
Membranophone
Sakara drum
Yoruba
Unpitched
Membranophone
Salterio
Europe
Pitched
Chordophone
Sambal
India
Unpitched
Membranophone
Samphor
Cambodia
Unpitched
211.222.1 Membranophone
Sand blocks
Unpitched
13 Idiophone
Santoor
South Asia
Pitched
Chordophone
Santur
Iran
Pitched
Chordophone
Type of hammered dulcimer.
Sapp
South Asia
Saron
Indonesia
Pitched
111.222 Idiophone
Size from smallest to largest is Saron panerus, Saron barung,
Saron demung.
Scabellum
Ancient Rome
Unpitched
Often used by the aulos players
Semantron
Both
Idiophone
Used to summon monastics to prayer
Shekere
Brazil Burkina Faso Cuba, Gambia Guinea, Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Mali Senegal
Unpitched
112.122 Idiophone
Shime-daiko
Japan
Unpitched
211.222.1 Membranophone
Shishi-odoshi
Japan
Shōko
Japan
Unpitched
Idiophone
Sikulu
Congo
Silex Piano
Pitched
Idiophone
Lithophone
Singing bowl
Himalayas
Pitched
111.242.11 Idiophone
Siren (alarm)
Scotland
Both
Electrophone
Skrabalai
Lithuania
Pitched
111.242.222 Idiophone
Skull
Idiophone
Sleigh bells
Unpitched
112.112 Idiophone
Jingle bells
Slenthem
Indonesia
Pitched
111.222 Idiophone
Slit drum
Both
111.24 Idiophone
Snare drum
Unpitched
211.212.1 Membranophone
Song bells
Pitched
Idiophone
Sounding stone
China
Idiophone
Spoon
Greece, Russia, Turkey
Unpitched
111.14 Idiophone
Steelpan
Trinidad & Tobago
Pitched
111.241.12 and 111.241.22 Idiophone[ 7]
Also known as steel drum
Stomp box
Unpitched
111.24 Idiophone
Stone marimba
Pitched
Idiophone
Lithophone
Suikinkutsu
Japan
Surdo
Brazil
Unpitched
211.212.1 Membranophone
Suspended cymbal
Unpitched
111.24 Idiophone
Taal / Manjira
India
Unpitched
111
Also: manjira, karatalas
Tabla
India
Pitched
211.221.2 Membranophone
See pitched percussion instruments easily mistaken for unpitched
Tabla tarang
India
Pitched
Membranophone
Tabor
Catalonia
Unpitched
Membranophone
Taiko
Japan
Unpitched
211 Membranophone
Refers to traditional Japanese drums in general.
Talempong
Indonesia
Pitched
Idiophone
Talking drum
West Africa
Pitched
211.242.11 Membranophone
Has a sound that mimics the human voice
Tambora
Dominican Republic
Unpitched
211.212.1 Membranophone
Tamborim
Brazil
Unpitched
211.311 Membranophone
Tamborita calentana
Mexico
Unpitched
Membranophone
Tamalin
Ghana
Unpitched
211.311 Membraphone
Tambourine
Unpitched
211.311 Membranophone
But the headless tambourine is an idiophone
Tan-tan
Brazil
Unpitched
211.211.1 Membranophone
Tap shoe
Unpitched
111.222 Idiophone
Taphon
Thailand
Unpitched
211.222.1 Membranophone
Tar (drum)
Saudi Arabia
Unpitched
211.311 Membranophone
Tassa
India
Unpitched
Membranophone
Type of kettle drum
Tbilat
Morocco, Saudi Arabia
Unpitched
Membranophone
Teponaztli
El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico
Both
111.24 Idiophone
Thappu
India
Unpitched
Membranophone
Thattai
India
Unpitched
Idiophone
Also known as a patpate.
Thavil
India
Unpitched
211.222.1 Membranophone
Thunder sheet
Unpitched
111.221 Idiophone
Tifa (drum)
Maluku Islands New Guinea
Unpitched
211.221 Membranophone
211.231 Membranophone
211.251 Membranophone
Three kinds: a barrel drum, an hourglass drum and a goblet drum. Not pitched but tone can be changed with wax on drumhead
Timbal
Brazil
Unpitched
211.251.1 Membranophone
Timbales
Cuba
Unpitched
211.212.2 Membranophone
Timpani
Pitched
211.11-922 Membranophone
Also called kettle drums
Tingsha
Tibet
Unpitched
111.142 Idiophone
Tom-tom drum
Pitched
211.211.1 Membranophone
Tombak
Iran
Unpitched
211.261.1 Membranophone
Persian, also known as tombak , donbak and dombak , and as Tombakh Naar in Kashmir
Triangle
Cajuns
Unpitched
111 Idiophone
Triccaballacca
Italy
Unpitched
Idiophone
Tsuzumi
Japan
Pitched
211.242.1 Membranophone
Tsymbaly
Ukraine
Pitched
Chordophone
Type of hammer dulcimer.
Tubular bells
Pitched
111.232 Idiophone
Tumba
Unpitched
Membranophone
Tuning fork
England
Pitched
12 Idiophone
Turntable
Both
53 Electrophone
Tumdak'
India
Unpitched
Membranophone
Turkish crescent
Unpitched
Idiophone
Txalaparta
Basque
Pitched
111.222 Idiophone
Udu
Nigeria
Unpitched
Idiophone
Also classed as an implosive Aerophone.
Vehicle horn
Both
Aerophone
Vibraphone
United States
Pitched
111.222 Idiophone
Vibraslap
United States
Unpitched
112 Idiophone
Washboard
Cajuns, United States
Unpitched
132.1 Idiophone
Whip
Unpitched
111.11 Idiophone
Also known as slapstick
Whistle
Unpitched
Aerophone
Wind chime
Unpitched
111.232 Idiophone
Borderline as pitched or unpitched, as a melody can sometimes be perceived
Wind machine
Unpitched
13 Idiophone
Wobble board
Australia
Wood block
Unpitched
111.24 Idiophone
Wood scraper block
Temple blocks
China
Both
111.24 Idiophone
[ 5] [ 8]
Xylophone
Ghana, Uganda, Zambia
Pitched
111.212 Idiophone
The xylophone is a musical instrument in the percussion family that consists of wooden bars struck by mallets
Xylorimba
Pitched
111.212 Idiophone
Yanggeum
Korea
Pitched
Chordophone
A type of Hammer dulcimer
Yangqin
China
Pitched
Chordophone
Type of hammered dulcimer.
Yuka
Congo
Unpitched
Membranophone
Made from a hollowed out avocado trunk with a leather membrane.
Zabumba
Brazil
Unpitched
211.212.1 Membranophone
Zatula
Ukraine
Unpitched
112.2 Idiophone
Zill
Asia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey
Unpitched
111.142 Idiophone
Also known as finger cymbal