Plutonium hydride

Plutonium hydride
Names
	IUPAC name Plutonium dihydride (excess hydrogen)
	Systematic IUPAC name Plutonium(2+) hydride
	Other names Plutonium dihydride; Plutonium(II) hydride; Plutonous hydride
Identifiers
CAS Number	17336-52-6 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	57566567;
PubChem CID	57464762;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID80726695 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/Pu.2H/q+2;2*-1 Key: IPKHWWGTRXXYCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES [H-].[H-].[Pu++];
Properties
Chemical formula	H2Pu
Molar mass	246 g·mol−1
Appearance	Black, opaque crystals
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Plutonium hydride is a non-stoichiometric chemical compound with the formula PuH_2+x. It is one of two characterized hydrides of plutonium; the other is PuH₃.^[1] PuH_2+x is non-stoichiometric with a composition range of PuH₂ – PuH_2.7. Metastable stoichiometries with an excess of hydrogen (PuH_2.7 – PuH₃) can also be formed.^[1] PuH₂ has a cubic structure. It is readily formed from the elements at 1 atmosphere at 100–200°C:^[1] When the stoichiometry is close to PuH₂ it has a silver appearance, but gets blacker as the hydrogen content increases, additionally the color change is associated with a reduction in conductivity.^[2]

Pu + H₂ → PuH₂

Studies of the reaction of plutonium metal with moist air at 200–350°C showed the presence of cubic plutonium hydride on the surface along with Pu₂O₃, PuO₂ and a higher oxide identified by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as the mixed-valence phase Pu^IV_3−xPu^VI_xO_6+x.^[3] Investigation of the reaction performed without heating suggests that the reaction of Pu metal and moist air the production of PuO₂ and a higher oxide along with adsorbed hydrogen, which catalytically combines with O₂ to form water.^[4]

Like the free metal, plutonium dihydride is pyrophoric. On the surface of hydrided plutonium, it acts as a catalyst for the oxidation of the metal with consumption of both O₂ and N₂ from air.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Gerd Meyer, 1991, Synthesis of Lanthanide and Actinide Compounds Springer, ISBN 0-7923-1018-7.
^ The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, J. Fuger, Springer, 2010, ISBN 9789048131464
^ J. L. Stakebake, D. T. Larson, J. M. Haschke: Characterization of the Plutonium-water Reaction II: Formation of a Binary Oxide containing Pu(VI), Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 202, 1–2, 1993, 251–263, doi:10.1016/0925-8388(93)90547-Z.
^ J. M. Haschke, T. H. Allen, L. A. Morales: Surface and Corrosion Chemistry of Plutonium, Los Alamos Science, 2000, 252.
^ John M. Haschke Thomas H. Allen: Plutonium Hydride, Sesquioxide and Monoxide Monohydride: Pyrophoricity and Catalysis of Plutonium Corrosion, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 320, 1, 2001, 58–71, doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(01)00932-X.

[Meyer-1] Gerd Meyer, 1991, Synthesis of Lanthanide and Actinide Compounds Springer, ISBN 0-7923-1018-7.

[2] The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, J. Fuger, Springer, 2010, ISBN 9789048131464

[3] J. L. Stakebake, D. T. Larson, J. M. Haschke: Characterization of the Plutonium-water Reaction II: Formation of a Binary Oxide containing Pu(VI), Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 202, 1–2, 1993, 251–263, doi:10.1016/0925-8388(93)90547-Z.

[4] J. M. Haschke, T. H. Allen, L. A. Morales: Surface and Corrosion Chemistry of Plutonium, Los Alamos Science, 2000, 252.

[5] John M. Haschke Thomas H. Allen: Plutonium Hydride, Sesquioxide and Monoxide Monohydride: Pyrophoricity and Catalysis of Plutonium Corrosion, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 320, 1, 2001, 58–71, doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(01)00932-X.

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Plutonium hydride

See also

References

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