Spirularia

Spirularia
	Cerianthus filiformis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Cnidaria
Subclass:	Ceriantharia
Order:	Spirularia; den Hartog, 1977

Spirularia is an order of marine Cnidarians, tube-dwelling anemones, in the subclass Ceriantharia.^[2] It is one of the two orders making up Ceriantharia and includes two families, Botrucnidiferidae and Cerianthidae, and around 99 species. The two orders differ in the makeup of their cnidome (the types of cnidocyte present), the relative sizes of the oral discs and the shape and structure of the mesenteries.^[3]

These anemones dwell in parchment-like tubes immersed in soft sediment, and have two whorls of tentacles, the outer tentacles being much longer than the inner ones.^[3]

References

^ Hoeksema, Bert (2015). "Spirularia". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
^ Fautin, Daphne G.; Westfall, Jane A.; Cartwright, Paulyn; Daly, Marymegan; Wyttenbach, Charles R. (2007). Coelenterate Biology 2003: Trends in Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 261–262. ISBN 978-1-4020-2762-8.
^ ^a ^b Goffredo, Stefano; Dubinsky, Zvy (2016). The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future: The world of Medusa and her sisters. Springer International Publishing. p. 66. ISBN 978-3-319-31305-4.

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[WoRMS-1] Hoeksema, Bert (2015). "Spirularia". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 June 2017.

[Fautin-2] Fautin, Daphne G.; Westfall, Jane A.; Cartwright, Paulyn; Daly, Marymegan; Wyttenbach, Charles R. (2007). Coelenterate Biology 2003: Trends in Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 261–262. ISBN 978-1-4020-2762-8.

[Goffredo-3] Goffredo, Stefano; Dubinsky, Zvy (2016). The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future: The world of Medusa and her sisters. Springer International Publishing. p. 66. ISBN 978-3-319-31305-4.

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