Timeline of Nepalese politics Chronological timeline of Nepalese politics
This is a chronological timeline of events that are centered around the politics of Nepal after its unification by Prithvi Narayan Shah .
After unification: 1769–1846
Rana regime: 1846–1951
Transitional phase: 1951–1960
Panchayat system: 1960–1990
Constitutional monarchy: 1990–2008
Date in A.D.
Date in B.S.
Event
6 January 1991
22 Poush 2047
Two constituents of the United Left Front , CPN (Marxist) and CPN (Marxist–Leninist) merge on 6 January 1991 to form the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
rendering the ULF inactive.[ 24]
12 May 1991
29 Baisakh 2048
First multi-party election is held. Nepali Congress wins a majority of 110 seats although the interim prime minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
loses by a narrow margin. The communist parties gather a total of 82 seats.[ 25]
29 May 1991
15 Jestha 2048
Girija Prasad Koirala becomes the prime minister.
6 May 1993
24 Baisakh 2050
Madan Bhandari dies in an accident at Dasdhunga, Chitwan.[ 26] An investigation led by KP Oli deemed it to be an unsolved mystery.[ 27]
11 July 1994
27 Ashad 2051
Division within the Nepali Congress results in Girija Prasad Koirala losing the support of 36 congress members in a parliamentary vote. He resigns and
King Birendra dismisses the cabinet announcing a new election.[ 28] [ 29]
15 November 1994
29 Kartik 2051
Second multi-party election is held. CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) led by Man Mohan Adhikari wins the election with 88 votes. Nepali Congress led
by Girija Prasad Koirala wins 83 votes. Rastriya Prajatantra Party led by Surya Bahadur Thapa wins 20 votes.[ 28] [ 30]
30 November 1994
14 Mangshir 2051
CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) forms a minority government with Man Mohan Adhikari as the prime minister.[ 28]
13 June 1995
30 Jestha 2052
King Birendra prematurely dissolves the parliament upon the suggestion of prime minister Man Mohan Adhikari .[ 29]
28 August 1995
12 Bhadra 2052
The Supreme Court reinstates the parliament following a complaint lodged by Sher Bahadur Deuba , Lokendra Bahadur Chand , etc.[ 29]
10 September 1995
25 Bhadra 2052
Prime minister Man Mohan Adhikari resigns after losing in a Congress led no-confidence motion.[ 31] [ 18] [ 29]
12 September 1995
27 Bhadra 2052
Sher Bahadur Deuba becomes the prime minister after the coalition of Nepali Congress , Rastriya Prajatantra Party , and Sadbhavana Party .[ 32] [ 29]
13 February 1996
1 Falgun 2052
The CPN (Maoist Centre) initiates Nepalese Civil War . More than 17,000 people died in this civil war.[ 33]
6 March 1997
23 Falgun 2053
Prime minister Sher Bahadur Deuba loses a vote of confidence.[ 32] [ 31] [ 29]
10 March 1997
27 Falgun 2053
Lokendra Bahadur Chand becomes the prime minister after a coalition of Rastriya Prajatantra Party , Communist Party of Nepal , and Sadbhavana Party .[ 29]
11 September 1997
26 Bhadra 2054
Former prime minister and Nepali Congress leader Matrika Prasad Koirala dies at the age of 85 due to cardiac arrest.[ 18]
17 September 1997
1 Ashwin 2054
Nepali Congress leader Ganesh Man Singh dies at the age of 81.[ 18]
4 October 1997
18 Ashwin 2054
Government headed by Lokendra Bahadur Chand is defeated in a vote of no-confidence led by Girija Prasad Koirala .[ 18] [ 32] [ 29]
6 October 1997
20 Ashwin 2054
Surya Bahadur Thapa of Rastriya Prajatantra Party forms a coalition government.[ 18] [ 32]
5 March 1998
31 Falgun 2054
A major faction of CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) leaves the party and forms the CPN (Marxist–Leninist) (1998) with Bam Dev Gautam as its chairman.[ 18]
10 April 1998
28 Chaitra 2054
Prime minister Surya Bahadur Thapa resigns following a prior agreement with Nepali Congress .[ 29]
12 April 1998
30 Chaitra 2054
Girija Prasad Koirala forms a minority government. Later joined by CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) , and Sadbhavana Party .[ 24] [ 32] [ 18]
15 January 1999
1 Magh 2055
King Birendra dissolves the parliament calling for an election in May. CPN (Maoist Centre) boycotts the election.[ 34]
19 April 1999
6 Baisakh 2056
Former prime minister and CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) leader Man Mohan Adhikari dies due to a heart attack.[ 35]
3–17 May 1999
20 Baisakh-3 Jestha
2056
1999 Nepalese general election is held in two phases. Nepali Congress led by Krishna Prasad Bhattarai wins the election with 111 votes, while the
CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) led by Madhav Kumar Nepal wins 71 votes and the Rastriya Prajatantra Party led by Surya Bahadur Thapa wins 11 votes.[ 34]
31 May 1999
17 Jestha 2056
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai of Nepali Congress becomes the prime minister for the second time.[ 34]
16 February 2000
4 Falgun 2056
A major faction of Nepali Congress led by Girija Prasad Koirala signs a no-confidence motion against the prime minister.[ 31] [ 18]
16 March 2000
3 Chaitra 2056
Prime minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai resigns. Girija Prasad Koirala to become the next prime minister for the third time.[ 36] [ 31] [ 32]
1 June 2001
19 Jestha 2058
Nepalese royal massacre occurs; King Birendra and his family dies, and Dipendra is crownd king while in hospital.[ 37] [ 38]
4 June 2001
22 Jestha 2058
King Dipendra is pronounced dead; His uncle Gyanendra becomes the king.[ 1]
23 July 2001
8 Shrawan 2058
The government and the CPN (Maoist Centre) rebels announce a temporary ceasefire to negotiate peace deals.[ 32] [ 39]
26 July 2001
11 Shrawan 2058
Prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala resigns as he fails to tackle the uprising violence; Sher Bahadur Deuba replaces him.[ 36]
13 November 2001
28 Kartik 2058
The ceasefire between the government and the CPN (Maoist Centre) rebels stops after failed negotiations.[ 32] [ 39]
26 November 2001
11 Mangshir 2058
The government declares a state of emergency throughout the country and full mobilization of the army against rebels listing the CPN (Maoist Centre) as
a "terrorist organization".[ 39] [ 32] [ 19] [ 40]
15 February 2002
3 Falgun 2058
CPN (Marxist–Leninist) (1998) merges with CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) . However, C. P. Mainali refuses the merger and restructures his own
CPN (Marxist–Leninist) (2002) .[ 41] [ 24]
22 May 2002
8 Jestha 2059
King Gyanendra dissolves the parliament and called for early elections.[ 32] [ 39] [ 36] [ 42]
26 May 2002
12 Jestha 2059
Prime minister Deuba splits from Nepali Congress and forms a new party Nepali Congress (Democratic) over a dispute with Girija Prasad Koirala about the
renewal of the state of emergency.[ 31] [ 32]
4 October 2002
18 Ashwin 2059
Prime minister Deuba formally asks the king to defer the election dates until November 2003. King Gyanendra responds by dismissing the government
headed by Deuba, removing Deuba as the prime minister, postponing the elections indefinitely, and assuming full executive power.[ 36] [ 39] [ 19] [ 31] [ 32]
11 October 2002
25 Ashwin 2059
King Gyanendra appoints Lokendra Bahadur Chand of Rastriya Prajatantra Party as the prime minister. It's his fourth term as a prime minister.[ 32] [ 19]
5 June 2003
22 Jestha 2060
Surya Bahadur Thapa becomes the prime minister for the fifth time.
4 June 2004
22 Jestha 2061
King Gyanendra appoints Sher Bahadur Deuba as the prime minister. This is his third term as the prime minister.[ 43]
1 February 2005
19 Magh 2061
2005 Nepal coup d'état by King Gyanendra after which he assumes absolute direct power, sacks the government, and declares a state of emergency
restoring absolute monarchy . Many prominent leaders including the prime minister were placed under house arrest.[ 39] [ 36] [ 31] [ 32]
22 November 2005
7 Mangshir 2062
Several political parties and the CPN (Maoist Centre) sign an agreement to work together against the rule of King Gyanendra .[ 31] [ 32] [ 44]
24 April 2006
11 Baisakh 2063
King Gyanendra reinstates the dissolved parliament calling the Seven Party Alliance to lead the government.[ 42]
28 April 2006
15 Baisakh 2063
Girija Prasad Koirala becomes the prime minister for the fourth time.[ 45] [ 36]
21 November 2006
5 Mangshir 2063
Comprehensive Peace Accord is signed between the Government of Nepal and Maoist Leader Prachanda which allows the Maoist to join mainstream
politics.[ 46] [ 47]
15 January 2007
1 Magh 2063
An interim constitution is drafted by a committee headed by a Justice that replaces the 1990 constitution.[ 48]
10 April 2008
28 Chaitra 2064
The First Nepalese Constituent Assembly election is held where the CPN (Maoist Centre) emerged victorious winning 220 out of the 575 seats. It forms
the government with seven other communist parties including the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) .[ 36]
28 May 2008
15 Jestha 2065
Constituent Assembly abolishes monarchy in Nepal, and declares Nepal a federal republic.[ 49]
Federal republic: 2008–present
Date in A.D.
Date in B.S.
Event
23 July 2008
8 Shrawan 2065
Dr. Ram Baran Yadav becomes the first president of Nepal .[ 1] [ 50] [ 51]
15 August 2008
31 Shrawan 2065
Prachanda is elected as the prime minister by the constituent assembly.[ 36] [ 32]
3 May 2009
20 Baisakh 2066
Prime minister Prachanda sacks General Rookmangud Katawal . CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) withdraws its support from the government in protest. President
Ram Baran Yadav overrides the decision resulting in the resignation of Prachanda the next day.[ 52] [ 53]
25 May 2009
11 Jestha 2066
Madhav Kumar Nepal of CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) becomes the prime minister with the support from 22 of the 25 parties.[ 54]
20 March 2010
7 Chaitra 2066
Former prime minister and NCP leader Girija Prasad Koirala dies.[ 55]
28 May 2010
14 Jestha 2067
The constituent assembly's deadline to promulgate a new constitution is extended by a year.[ 48]
30 June 2010
16 Ashar 2067
Prime minister Madhav Kumar Nepal announces his resignation blaming the CPN (Maoist Centre) for their continuous obstruction in the government.[ 32] [ 56]
3 February 2011
20 Magh 2067
CPN (Maoist Centre) withdraws its candidate and backs Jhala Nath Khanal of CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) . Khanal becomes the prime minister after more than
seven months of political gridlock and more than sixteen rounds of voting in the parliament.[ 57]
28 May 2011
14 Jestha 2068
The constituent assembly's deadline to promulgate a new constitution expires.[ 48]
14 August 2011
29 Shrawan 2068
Prime minister Jhala Nath Khanal resigns after his government to failed to complete the peace process and draft a new constitution.[ 58]
28 August 2011
11 Bhadra 2068
Baburam Bhattarai is elected as the prime minister after he gets support from some smaller parties.[ 59]
29 August 2011
12 Bhadra 2068
The constituent assembly's deadline is extended for the third time. New deadline is set as 30 November 2011.[ 48]
29 November 2011
13 Mangshir 2068
The constituent assembly's deadline is extended for the fourth time after the Supreme Court of Nepal allows CA to extend its deadline for the last time by a
maximum of six months. New deadline is set as 27 May 2012.[ 48]
3 May 2012
21 Baisakh 2069
All the ministers resign to allow the prime minister to form a consensus government with other political parties.[ 60]
28 May 2012
15 Jestha 2069
Prime minister Baburam Bhattarai dissolves the constituent assembly after it failed to promulgate a new constitution four years after its election and calls for a
fresh election for 22 November.[ 61]
as "unconstitutional".[ 62]
14 March 2013
1 Chaitra 2069
Prime minister Baburam Bhattarai resigns. Chief Justice Khil Raj Regmi becomes the interim prime minister until the elections after four main political
parties agreed to form a CJ-led electoral cabinet.[ 63] [ 64]
19 November 2013
4 Mangshir 2070
The Second Nepalese Constituent Assembly election is held where the Nepali Congress led by Sushil Koirala emerges as the largest party winning 196 out of the
576 seats. The CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) wins 175 seats while the CPN (Maoist Centre) wins 80 seats.[ 65] [ 66]
25 February 2014
13 Falgun 2070
Sushil Koirala of Nepali Congress is elected as the prime minister with CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) backing.[ 67]
20 September 2015
3 Ashwin 2072
President Dr. Ram Baran Yadav promulgates the Constitution of Nepal (2015) replacing the Interim Constitution of 2007.[ 68]
26 September 2015
9 Ashwin 2072
Former prime minister Baburam Bhattarai of CPN (Maoist Centre) resigns from the parliament, and quits the party.[ 69]
10 October 2015
23 Ashwin 2072
Prime minister Sushil Koirala resigns honoring a pledge to step down once the constitution is promulgated.[ 70]
11 October 2015
24 Ashwin 2072
CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) leader KP Sharma Oli is elected as the prime minister by the parliament with the backing from CPN (Maoist Centre) .
Former prime minister Sushil Koirala is defeated in the election.[ 71] [ 72]
29 October 2015
12 Kartik 2072
Bidya Devi Bhandari becomes the second president of Nepal.[ 1] [ 73]
12 June 2016
30 Jestha 2073
Baburam Bhattarai establishes a new party under his leadership called the Naya Shakti Party, Nepal .[ 74]
24 July 2016
10 Shrawan 2073
Prime minister KP Sharma Oli resigns after CPN (Maoist Centre) withdraws its support from the government.[ 75]
3 August 2016
19 Shrawan 2073
Prachanda becomes the prime minister for the second time after a power sharing agreement with the Nepali Congress .[ 76]
26 April 2017
13 Baisakh 2074
Six Madhesi political parties unite to form Rastriya Janata Party Nepal .[ 32]
24 May 2017
10 Jestha 2074
Prime minister Prachanda resigns honouring a power sharing agreement with the Nepali Congress .[ 77]
7 June 2017
24 Jestha 2074
Sher Bahadur Deuba becomes the prime minister for the fourth time with the support of CPN (Maoist Centre) , Rastriya Prajatantra Party , etc.[ 43]
26 November 2017
10 Mangshir 2074
2017 Nepalese general election is held in two phases. CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) led by KP Sharma Oli wins the election with 121 seats. Nepali Congress
gets 63 seats while the CPN (Maoist Centre) gets 53 seats.[ 78]
15 February 2018
3 Falgun 2074
KP Sharma Oli becomes the prime minister after the coalition of CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and CPN (Maoist Centre) .[ 79]
17 May 2018
3 Jestha 2075
CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and CPN (Maoist Centre) merge to form Nepal Communist Party with both Oli and Prachanda as the chairmen.[ 80]
his turns the KP Sharma Oli 's coalition government to a two-thirds majority in the House .[ 81]
6 May 2019
23 Baisakh 2076
Naya Shakti Party, Nepal led by Baburam Bhattarai and Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal led by Upendra Yadav merge to form Samajbadi Party, Nepal .[ 81]
23 April 2020
11 Baisakh 2077
Samajbadi Party, Nepal and Rastriya Janata Party Nepal merge to form People's Socialist Party, Nepal .[ 82]
18 November 2020
3 Mangshir 2077
A faction within the Nepal Communist Party led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal , Madhav Kumar Nepal , Jhala Nath Khanal , etc. accuses prime minister KP Sharma Oli
of inefficiency and pressures him to give up either the party presidency or the premiership or else face a vote of no-confidence in both party and the House.[ 83]
20 December 2020
5 Poush 2077
Amidst the deepening internal crisis within the Nepal Communist Party , prime minister KP Sharma Oli dissolves the parliament, which is promptly approved by
president Bidya Devi Bhandari , and calls for general elections.[ 84] [ 85]
22 December 2020
7 Poush 2077
members in the party's central committee.[ 86] [ 87] [ 88]
24 December 2020
9 Poush 2077
Oli led faction of NCP expels Pushpa Kamal Dahal as the chairman and suspends his party membership on the basis of disciplinary charges.[ 89] [ 90]
25 January 2021
12 Magh 2077
The Election Commission of Nepal declines to recognize neither Oli 's faction nor Dahal -Nepal 's faction as the legitimate holder of Nepal Communist Party 's
registration.[ 91]
23 February 2021
11 Falgun 2077
The Supreme Court overturns prime minister Oli 's decision to dissolve the House citing Articles 85, 76(1), 76(7) – failed to provide sufficient grounds
to dissolve the House. The court also orders to summon a meeting of the Parliament within 13 days.[ 92]
8 March 2021
24 Falgun 2077
The Supreme Court nullifies the unification of Nepal Communist Party stating that the name Nepal Communist Party was already allotted to a party
led by Rishi Kattel and thus, by extension, the merger itself was void ab initio. After this ruling, Nepal Communist Party was no longer legally recognized, and also
the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) , and the CPN (Maoist Centre) were revived to their pre-merger state.[ 93] [ 94]
10 May 2021
27 Baisakh 2078
Prime minister KP Sharma Oli loses a vote of confidence in the parliament.[ 95]
13 May 2021
30 Baisakh 2078
KP Sharma Oli is reappointed as the prime minister as the opposition failed to prove their majority.[ 95] [ 96]
22 May 2021
8 Jestha 2078
President Bidya Devi Bhandari dissolves the parliament again on the recommendation of prime minister KP Sharma Oli and calls for elections. This move
by KP Sharma Oli came after CPN (Maoist Centre) along with Madhav Kumar Nepal and Jhala Nath Khanal supported the Nepali Congress -led alliance.[ 97] [ 98]
12 July 2021
28 Ashar 2078
The Supreme Court overturns prime minister KP Sharma Oli 's decision to dissolve the House, and issues an order to appoint Sher Bahadur Deuba as the prime
minister within 28 hours citing Article 76 (5) of the constitution.[ 99]
13 July 2021
29 Ashar 2078
Sher Bahadur Deuba is appointed as the prime minister for the fifth time.[ 100]
25 August 2021
9 Bhadra 2078
Madhav Kumar Nepal and Jhala Nath Khanal along with other politicians leave the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and form a new party called the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) .[ 101]
24 July 2022
8 Shrawan 2079
Baburam Bhattarai leaves People's Socialist Party, Nepal and forms Nepal Socialist Party .[ 102]
22 November 2022
6 Mangshir 2079
2022 Nepalese general election is held and the Nepali Congress wins the election with 89 votes. CPN
(Unified Marxist–Leninist) wins 78 votes while the CPN (Maoist Centre) wins 32 votes.[ 103] [ 104] [ 105]
26 December 2022
11 Poush 2079
Prachanda becomes the prime minister for the third time after backing by CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) ,
Rastriya Swatantra Party , Rastriya Prajatantra Party , etc.[ 106] [ 107]
10 January 2022
26 Poush 2079
Prime minister Prachanda wins the vote of confidence in parliament after 268 out of the present 270 members
vote in his favor.[ 108]
9 March 2022
25 Falgun 2079
Ram Chandra Poudel , a senior leader of Nepali Congress , becomes the third president of Nepal defeating
Subaschandra Nemwang , a former speaker of the lower house.[ 109]
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