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The history of the Xi'an Satellite Monitor and Control Center began in 1967 with the founding of the Satellite Ground Tracking Department (Chinese: 卫星地面测量部; pinyin: Wèixīng Dìmiàn Cèliáng Bù) in Qiaonan sub-district, Shaanxi on Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC, Base 20). On 24 April 1970, when the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched its first artificial satellite, Dong Fang Hong 1, into orbit from JSLC, The Satellite Ground Tracking Department provided the "three grasps" (satellite tracking, telemetry, and control, TT&C) using the newly developed 7010 and Type 110 radars. Upgraded to a center in September 1975, as the PRC increased its testing of satellites, ICBMs, and SLBMs in the early 1980s and the TT&C network grew. The organization evolved into its current form in 1987, moving to Xi'an from Weinan.[2][3]
The facility was established in Weinan as the "Satellite Survey Department" in 1967, and relocated to Xi'an in 1987.[4][5][6] Today, the XSCC comprises a mission control station in Xi'an and a set of tracking arrays located outside the city on a mountain plateau. The tracking station is equipped with antenna farms, masts, and communications dishes, while the mission control station is equipped with television screens, consoles, plotters, and high-speed computers that allow technicians to trace the orbital paths of all Chinese satellites in orbit.[4]
Organization
Xi'an SMCC is the central coordinator for the system of TT&C stations, which include the following subordinate agencies and ground stations:[2]
Satellite Monitoring and Control Science and Engineering Museum, located within the Xi'an center's compound. Contains various exhibitions and models of satellites, and allows the public to see the control chamber in operation.[24]
The Satellite TT&C Equipment Museum (航天测控装备博物馆) in Qiaonan Town, Weinan City, Shanxi Province. Opened in 2010.[25]
The Kashgar Station, MUCD 63783, in the west of Xinjiang Autonomous Region was established in 1968 under Base 26 until Xi Jinping's 2016 military reforms when the organization was moved under the newly created PLASSF.[2]
The Lingshui Control Station on Hainan was established in April 2008 and finds itself responsible for the tracking of Shijian satellites. A 40 meter radome was built in 2012.[2]
^Wang, Xiaoyi (25 April 2016). "探访中国西安卫星测控中心：卫星"管家"铸"丰碑"" [Visiting China's Xi'an Satellite Measurement and Control Center: Satellite "steward" casts "Monument"]. China News Network (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 20 February 2017.
^"西安卫星测控中心". 中国渭南. 25 June 2013. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
^Huang Xianghong, Treasures are speechless, green mountains are evidence. A brief account of the construction of the China Aerospace Measurement and Control Equipment Museum, Excalibur 2010 No. 4
