Avant-garde jazz

Avant-garde jazz
Avant-garde jazz
Other names	Experimental jazz
Stylistic origins	Jazz; bebop; modernism; avant-garde; 20th-century classical;
Cultural origins	Mid-1950s United States
Derivative forms	Free jazz; post-rock;
Other topics
	Jazz fusion; progressive jazz;

Avant-garde jazz (also known as avant-jazz, experimental jazz, or "new thing")^[1]^[2] is a style of music and improvisation that combines avant-garde art music and composition with jazz.^[3] It originated in the early 1950s and developed through to the late 1960s.^[4] One of the earliest developments within avant-garde jazz was that of free jazz, and the two terms were originally synonymous. Much avant-garde jazz is stylistically distinct, however, in that it lacks free jazz's thoroughly improvised nature and is either fully or partially composed.^[5]

History

1950s

Avant-garde jazz originated in the mid- to late 1950s among a group of improvisors who rejected the conventions of bebop and post bop in an effort to blur the division between the written and the spontaneous. Ornette Coleman and Cecil Taylor led the way, soon to be joined by John Coltrane. Some would come to apply it differently from free jazz, emphasizing structure and organization by the use of composed melodies, shifting but nevertheless predetermined meters and tonalities, and distinctions between soloists and accompaniment.^[6]

1960s

In Chicago, the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians began pursuing their own variety of avant-garde jazz. The AACM musicians (Muhal Richard Abrams, Anthony Braxton, Roscoe Mitchell, Hamid Drake, and the Art Ensemble of Chicago) tended towards eclecticism. Poet Amiri Baraka, an important figure in the Black Arts Movement (BAM),^[7] recorded spoken word tracks with the New York Art Quartet (“Black Dada Nihilismus,” 1964, ESP) and Sunny Murray (“Black Art,” 1965, Jihad).^[8]

References

^ Experimentalisms in Practice: Music Perspectives from Latin America. Oxford University Press. 2018. p. 8. ISBN 978-0190842765.
^ Hyams Ericsson, Marjorie (April 8, 1965). "'Experimentation' in Public: The Artist's Viewpoint". DownBeat. p. 15.
^ Choice, Harriet (Sep 17, 1971). "'Black Music' or 'Jazz'". Chicago Tribune.
^ Cook, Richard (2005). Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia. London: Penguin Books. p. 25. ISBN 0-141-00646-3.
^ Gridley, Mark C.; Long, Barry (n.d.). Grove Dictionary of American Music (second ed.). Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
^ Mark C. Gridley and Barry Long, "Avant-garde Jazz", The Grove Dictionary of American Music, second edition, supplement on Grove Music Online 4 October 2012.
^ "A Brief Guide to the Black Arts Movement". Poets.org. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^ Amiri Baraka, "Where's the Music Going and Why?", The Music: Reflections on Jazz and Blues. New York: William Morrow, 1987. p. 177-180.

Bibliography

Berendt, Joachim E. (1992). The Jazz Book: From Ragtime to Fusion and Beyond. Revised by Günther Huesmann, translated by H. and B. Bredigkeit with Dan Morgenstern. Brooklyn: Lawrence Hill Books. ISBN 1-55652-098-0
Kofsky, Frank (1970). Black Nationalism and the Revolution in Music. New York: Pathfinder Press.
Mandel, Howard (2008). Miles, Ornette, Cecil: Jazz Beyond Jazz. Preface by Greg Tate. New York City: Routledge. ISBN 0415967147

[1] Experimentalisms in Practice: Music Perspectives from Latin America. Oxford University Press. 2018. p. 8. ISBN 978-0190842765.

[2] Hyams Ericsson, Marjorie (April 8, 1965). "'Experimentation' in Public: The Artist's Viewpoint". DownBeat. p. 15.

[3] Choice, Harriet (Sep 17, 1971). "'Black Music' or 'Jazz'". Chicago Tribune.

[RCJE-4] Cook, Richard (2005). Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia. London: Penguin Books. p. 25. ISBN 0-141-00646-3.

[5] Gridley, Mark C.; Long, Barry (n.d.). Grove Dictionary of American Music (second ed.). Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2016.

[6] Mark C. Gridley and Barry Long, "Avant-garde Jazz", The Grove Dictionary of American Music, second edition, supplement on Grove Music Online 4 October 2012.

[7] "A Brief Guide to the Black Arts Movement". Poets.org. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2016.

[8] Amiri Baraka, "Where's the Music Going and Why?", The Music: Reflections on Jazz and Blues. New York: William Morrow, 1987. p. 177-180.

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