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Beta Pegasi

"Scheat" redirects here. For the star in Aquarius, see Delta Aquarii.
Beta Pegasi
Location of β Pegasi (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Pegasus
Right ascension 23h 03m 46.45746s[1]
Declination +28° 04′ 58.0336″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.42[2] (2.31 – 2.74)[3]
Characteristics
Spectral type M2.5II–IIIe[4]
U−B color index +1.96[2]
B−V color index +1.67[2]
Variable type Semi-regular[5]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+8.7[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +187.65[1] mas/yr
Dec.: +136.93[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)16.64 ± 0.15 mas[1]
Distance196 ± 2 ly
(60.1 ± 0.5 pc)[1]
Absolute magnitude (MV)−1.41[7]
Details
Mass1.7±0.3[8] M☉
Radius109±7[9] R☉
Luminosity1,644[8][a] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)1.20[10] cgs
Temperature3,606[8] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.11[10] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)9.7[11] km/s
Other designations
Scheat, 53 Pegasi, HR 8775, BD+27°4480, HD 217906, SAO 90981, FK5 870, HIP 113881[4]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Beta Pegasi (β Pegasi, abbreviated Beta Peg, β Peg), formally named Scheat /ˈʃiːæt/,[12][13] is a red giant star and the second-brightest star (after Epsilon Pegasi) in the constellation of Pegasus. It forms the upper right corner of the Great Square of Pegasus,[14] a prominent rectangular asterism.

Nomenclature

β Pegasi (Latinised to Beta Pegasi) is the star's Bayer designation.

It bore the traditional name of Scheat, a name that had also been used for Delta Aquarii. The name was derived from the Arabic Al Sā'id "the upper arm", or from Sa'd.[14] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organised a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[15] to catalog and standardise proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[16] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Scheat for this star (the name Skat was later approved for Delta Aquarii[13]).

In Chinese, 室宿 (Shì Xiù), meaning Encampment, refers to an asterism consisting β Pegasi and α Pegasi.[17] Consequently, the Chinese name for β Pegasi itself is 室宿二 (Shì Xiù èr), "the Second Star of Encampment".[18]

Distance and properties

A light curve for Beta Pegasi, plotted from Hipparcos data[19]

Based upon parallax measurements, Beta Pegasi is located about 196 light-years (60 parsecs) from the Sun.[1] It is unusual among bright stars in having a relatively cool surface temperature compared to stars like the Sun. This star has a stellar classification of M2.3 II–III,[4] which indicates the spectrum has characteristics partway between a bright giant and a giant star. It has expanded until it is 109 times as large,[9] and has a total luminosity of 1,640 times that of the Sun.[8] The effective temperature of the star's outer envelope is about 3,600 K,[8] giving the star the characteristic orange-red hue of an M-type star.[20] The photosphere is sufficiently cool for molecules of titanium oxide to form.[21]

Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt discovered that Beta Pegasi is a variable star, in 1847.[22] Beta Pegasi is a semi-regular variable with a period of 43.3 days[5] and a brightness that varies from magnitude +2.31 to +2.74 (averaging 2.42).[3] It is losing mass at a rate at or below 10−8 times the Sun's mass per year, which is creating an expanding shell of gas and dust with a radius of about 3,500 times the Sun's radius (16 astronomical units).[23]

Notes

  1. ^ Calculated from bolometric magnitude in the equation 100.4(4.74-Mbol), where "Mbol" is the bolometric magnitude.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, S2CID 18759600
  2. ^ a b c Johnson, H. L.; et al. (1966). "UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars". Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. 4 (99): 99. Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J.
  3. ^ a b "Query= bet Peg", General Catalogue of Variable Stars, Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg, retrieved 2010-01-05
  4. ^ a b c "V* bet Peg -- Pulsating variable Star", SIMBAD, Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg, retrieved 2010-01-05
  5. ^ a b Tabur, V.; et al. (December 2009), "Long-term photometry and periods for 261 nearby pulsating M giants", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 400 (4): 1945–1961, arXiv:0908.3228, Bibcode:2009MNRAS.400.1945T, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15588.x, S2CID 15358380
  6. ^ Wilson, Ralph Elmer (1953), "General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities", Washington, Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Bibcode:1953GCRV..C......0W
  7. ^ Huang, W.; et al. (2012), "A catalogue of Paschen-line profiles in standard stars", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 547: A62, arXiv:1210.7893, Bibcode:2012A&A...547A..62H, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219804, S2CID 119286159.
  8. ^ a b c d e Halabi, Ghina M.; Eid, Mounib El (2015-08-01). "Exploring masses and CNO surface abundances of red giant stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 451 (3): 2957–2967. arXiv:1507.01517. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.451.2957H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1141. ISSN 0035-8711.
  9. ^ a b Arroyo-Torres, B.; et al. (June 2014). "VLTI/AMBER observations of cold giant stars: atmospheric structures and fundamental parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: 11. arXiv:1404.7384. Bibcode:2014A&A...566A..88A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323264. S2CID 16778588. A88.
  10. ^ a b Soubiran, C.; et al. (2008), "Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. IV. AMR and AVR from clump giants", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 480 (1): 91–101, arXiv:0712.1370, Bibcode:2008A&A...480...91S, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078788, S2CID 16602121
  11. ^ Massarotti, Alessandro; et al. (January 2008), "Rotational and Radial Velocities for a Sample of 761 HIPPARCOS Giants and the Role of Binarity", The Astronomical Journal, 135 (1): 209–231, Bibcode:2008AJ....135..209M, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/209, S2CID 121883397
  12. ^ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.
  13. ^ a b "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  14. ^ a b Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899), Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning, New York, NY: Dover Publications Inc., p. 325, ISBN 0-486-21079-0
  15. ^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  16. ^ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  17. ^ (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  18. ^ (in Chinese) 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 Archived 2008-10-25 at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  19. ^ "Light Curve", Hipparcos ESA, ESA, retrieved 21 September 2022.
  20. ^ "The Colour of Stars", Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, December 21, 2004, archived from the original on 2012-03-18, retrieved 2012-01-16
  21. ^ Gavin, M. (February 1996), "Stellar spectroscopy with CCDs - some preliminary results", Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 106 (1): 11–15, Bibcode:1996JBAA..106...11G
  22. ^ Cannon, Annie J. (1907). "Second catalogue of variable stars". Annals of Harvard College Observatory. 55: 1–94. Bibcode:1907AnHar..55....1C. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
  23. ^ Mauron, N.; Caux, E. (November 1992), "K I/Na I scattering observations in circumstellar envelopes - Alpha(1) Herculis, Omicron Ceti, TX PISCIUM and Beta Pegasi", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 265 (2): 711–725, Bibcode:1992A&A...265..711M. Solar Radius = 0.0046491 AU.


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