Like other outlying sections of the Washington metropolitan area, Frederick County has experienced a rapid population increase since the 1980s.[4] It borders the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 667 square miles (1,730 km2), of which 660 square miles (1,700 km2) is land and 7.2 square miles (19 km2) (1.1%) is water.[8] It is the largest county in Maryland in terms of land area.[9]
Frederick County has experienced a rapid increase in population since the 1980s, including that of minority groups.[4]
2020 census
Frederick County, Maryland – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
At the 2010 United States census, there were 233,385 people, 84,800 households and 61,198 families residing in the county.[17] The population density was 353.5 per square mile (136.5/km2). There were 90,136 housing units at an average density of 136.5 per square mile (52.7/km2).[18] The racial make-up of the county was 81.5% white, 8.6% black or African American, 3.8% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 2.9% from other races and 2.8% from two or more races. The total (all races) of those self-identifying as Hispanic or Latino origin made up 7.3%, and those persons who were white alone made up 77.8% of the population.[17] 26.3% of the population cited German ancestry, 17.4% Irish, 12.1% English, 7.2% Italian, and 6.3% American.[19]
Of the 84,800 households, 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 27.8% were non-families, and 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.17. The median age was 38.6 years.[17]
On December 1, 2014, Frederick County changed to a "charter home rule government".[20]
Voters approved this governmental change at the November 6, 2012, election with 62,469 voting for the transition and 37,368 against. Previously, Frederick County had been governed by a five-member county commission that could only legislate in local matters with the prior consent of the Maryland General Assembly. Even that authority was limited to areas authorized by the General Assembly, enabling legislation, or public local laws. As a charter county, Frederick County is now governed by a seven-member county council, with five elected from districts and two elected at-large. A popularly elected county executive is responsible for providing direction, supervision, and administrative oversight of all executive departments, agencies, and offices. The council has broad power to act on most local matters.[21]
Jan H. Gardner was elected the first Frederick County executive in 2014[22] and was re-elected in 2018.[23]
The Frederick County state's attorney, first elected November 2, 2010, and re-elected in 2018 and 2022, is Charlie Smith, a Republican.[24]
The sheriff of Frederick County is Republican Chuck Jenkins.[24]
Frederick County's fire and rescue service is handled by a combination career and volunteer service delivery system. The county employs over 450 career firefighters. Volunteers of the 26 volunteer fire and rescue corporations number approximately 300 active operational members. Fire, rescue and emergency medical services, including advanced life support, are handled by career staffing supplemented by volunteers. The county has a Maryland State PoliceMedevac located at the Frederick Municipal Airport and is designated "Trooper 3". Trooper 3 handles calls throughout the state, but provides immediate assistance to local police, fire and rescue services.
Politics
Like the rest of German-influenced Western Maryland, Frederick County was once staunchly Republican, with Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 being the last Democrat to carry it in a presidential election until Joe Biden carried the county in 2020. The growth of the county with migration from Washington D.C. had begun to narrow the margins starting from 2008, with John McCain only edging out Barack Obama by only 1,157 votes out of over one hundred thousand cast in the 2008 election.
Democratic strength is mostly concentrated in the City of Frederick, while the suburban and rural areas of the county lean more Republican.
Voter registration and party enrollment as of March 2024[26]
In state-level elections, Republicans in Frederick rebounded to more historical levels in the 2010 Maryland gubernatorial and senatorial elections, giving the Republican Ehrlich–Kane ticket 55% to Democrat O'Malley–Brown's 45. Frederick voters also supported Republican Senate challenger Eric Wargotz over incumbent Democratic Senator Barbara Mikulski by a margin of 51–46, even as Mikulski was winning statewide by a landslide 61–37. Despite its conservative reputation, Frederick County voted in favor of Maryland Question 6, which legalized same-sex marriage in Maryland. In the 2014 gubernatorial race, Republican Larry Hogan won Frederick County strongly with 63 percent of the vote compared to Democrat Anthony Brown's 35 percent.[28] In the 2018 elections, despite increased support for Hogan, the Democrats experienced significant gains, securing a majority on the County Council and winning District 3B in the House of Delegates.[29][30] The Senate election also saw incumbent U.S. Senator Ben Cardin win Frederick County with 51.7% of the vote.[31] After Biden's win in 2020, the trend towards Democrats continued in 2022, as Democrats increased their majority on the County Council by one seat and gubernatorial candidate Wes Moorewon the county with over 53% of the vote compared to 43% for Republican and Emmitsburg resident Dan Cox, the first time Frederick County voted for a Democratic gubernatorial candidate since William Donald Schaefer'slandslide victory in 1986.[32] In the Senate election also held in 2022, incumbent Democratic Senator Chris Van Hollen won the county 55.3% to 44.6% over Republican Chris Chaffee.[33]
The Frederick County Sheriff's Office provides court protection, jail management and morgue operation for the entire county. It provides police patrol and detective services within the unincorporated areas of Frederick County. The entire county entails a population of 222,938 within 662.88 square miles (1,716.9 km2). Frederick City, Brunswick, Mount Airy, Emmitsburg and Thurmont have municipal police departments. Middletown contracts with the Sheriff's Office for its policing.[35]
Crime
The following table includes the number of incidents reported for each type of offense from 2012 to 2019.[36]
Year
Homicide
Forcible sex offense
Assault
Robbery
Burglary
Theft
Motor vehicle theft
Fraud
Arson
2012
0
71
45
9
153
198
5
41
11
2013
4
50
36
23
139
85
10
46
17
2014
0
61
30
23
169
161
3
42
9
2015
4
56
32
23
150
124
4
47
10
2016
1
53
31
26
134
142
12
62
4
2017
3
64
35
24
134
145
18
57
8
2018
1
52
33
16
103
158
7
85
4
2019
1
56
45
17
97
147
18
77
9
Economy
The U.S. Census Bureau reported the following data for Frederick County, June 6, 2011.[37]
Metric
Frederick County
Maryland
Per capita money income in past 12 months (2013 dollars), 2009-2013
Frederick County leads Maryland in milk production; the county's dairy herds account for one-third of the state's total.[39] However, the dairy market is unstable, and the county, like the state more broadly, has lost dairy farms.[40]
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