List of Celastrales of South Africa

The Celastrales are an order of flowering plants found throughout the tropics and subtropics, with only a few species extending far into the temperate regions. The 1200^[1] to 1350^[2] species are in about 100 genera. All but seven of these genera are in the large family Celastraceae. The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms – the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses – as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.^[3]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.^[4] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.^[5]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).^[6]

One family is represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Celastraceae

Family Celastraceae^[6]

Allocassine

Genus Allocassine:^[6]

Allocassine laurifolia (Harv.) N.Robson, indigenous

Cassine

Genus Cassine:^[6]

Cassine aethiopica Thunb. accepted as Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. aethiopicum, present
Cassine barbara L. accepted as Cassine peragua L. subsp. barbara (L.) R.H.Archer, present
Cassine burkeana (Sond.) Kuntze, accepted as Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. burkeanum (Sond.) R.H.Archer, present
Cassine crocea (Thunb.) Kuntze, accepted as Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC. present
Cassine eucleiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze, accepted as Robsonodendron eucleiforme (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.H.Archer, present
Cassine maritima (Bolus) F.Bolus & L.Bolus, accepted as Robsonodendron maritimum (Bolus) R.H.Archer, present
Cassine matabelicum (Loes.) Steedman, accepted as Elaeodendron matabelicum Loes.
Cassine papillosa (Hochst.) Kuntze, accepted as Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC. present
Cassine parvifolia Sond., endemic
Cassine peragua L. indigenous
- Cassine peragua L. subsp. affinis (Sond.) R.H.Archer, endemic
- Cassine peragua L. subsp. barbara (L.) R.H.Archer, endemic
- Cassine peragua L. subsp. peragua, indigenous
Cassine reticulata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Codd, accepted as Lauridia reticulata Eckl. & Zeyh. present
Cassine stuhlmannii (Loes.) Blakelock, accepted as Elaeodendron schlechterianum (Loes.) Loes. present
Cassine tetragona (L.f.) Druce, accepted as Lauridia tetragona (L.f.) R.H.Archer, present
- Cassine tetragona (L.f.) Loes., accepted as Lauridia tetragona (L.f.) R.H.Archer, present
- Cassine tetragona (Thunb.) Loes., accepted as Lauridia tetragona (L.f.) R.H.Archer, present
Cassine transvaalensis (Burtt Davy) Codd, accepted as Elaeodendron transvaalense (Burtt Davy) R.H.Archer, present

Catha

Genus Catha:^[6]

Catha abbottii A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins, accepted as Lydenburgia abbottii (A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins) Steenkamp, A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins, present
Catha campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl, accepted as Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl. indigenous
Catha transvaalensis Codd, accepted as Lydenburgia cassinoides N.Robson, present

Celastrus

Genus Celastrus:^[6]

Celastrus campestris Eckl. & Zeyh. accepted as Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Celastrus obtusus Thunb. accepted as Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Celastrus pyracanthus L. accepted as Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl. endemic
Celastrus saxatilis Burch. accepted as Putterlickia saxatilis (Burch.) Jordaan, endemic
Celastrus tetragonus Thunb. accepted as Lauridia tetragona (L.f.) R.H.Archer, present
Celastrus verrucosus Sond. accepted as Putterlickia verrucosa (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Szyszyl. endemic

Elachyptera

Genus Elachyptera:^[6]

Elachyptera parvifolia (Oliv.) N.Halle, indigenous

Elaeodendron

Genus Elaeodendron:^[6]

Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC. indigenous
Elaeodendron schinoides Spreng. endemic to Cape Provinces
Elaeodendron transvaalense (Burtt Davy) R.H.Archer, indigenous
Elaeodendron zeyheri Spreng. ex Turcz. indigenous

Empleuridium

Genus Empleuridium:^[6]

Empleuridium juniperinum Sond. endemic

Gloveria

Genus Gloveria:^[6]

Gloveria integrifolia (L.f.) Jordaan, endemic

Gymnosporia

Genus Gymnosporia:^[6]

Gymnosporia angularis (Sond.) Sim, accepted as Gymnosporia heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Loes. present
- Gymnosporia angularis (Sond.) Sim var. grandifolia Davison, accepted as Gymnosporia grandifolia (Davison) Jordaan, present
- Gymnosporia angularis (Sond.) Sim var. orbiculata Davison, indigenous
Gymnosporia arenicola Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia bachmannii Loes. endemic
Gymnosporia buxifolia (L.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Gymnosporia capitata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Loes. endemic
Gymnosporia crataegiflora Davidson, accepted as Gymnosporia woodii Szyszyl. present
Gymnosporia devenishii Jordaan, endemic
Gymnosporia elliptica (Thunb.) Schonland, endemic
Gymnosporia filiformis Davidson, endemic
Gymnosporia gariepensis Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia glaucophylla Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia grandifolia (Davison) Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia graniticola Jordaan, accepted as Gymnosporia swazica Jordaan
Gymnosporia harveyana Loes. indigenous
- Gymnosporia harveyana Loes. subsp. harveyana, indigenous
Gymnosporia hemipterocarpa Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Loes. indigenous
Gymnosporia linearis (L.f.) Loes. indigenous
- Gymnosporia linearis (L.f.) Loes. subsp. lanceolata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Jordaan, indigenous
- Gymnosporia linearis (L.f.) Loes. subsp. linearis, endemic
Gymnosporia macrocarpa Jordaan, endemic
Gymnosporia maranguensis (Loes.) Loes. indigenous
Gymnosporia markwardii Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Loes. indigenous
- Gymnosporia mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Loes. var. rubra (Harv.) Loes. indigenous
Gymnosporia nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Gymnosporia oxycarpa (N.Robson) Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia polyacantha (Sond.) Szyszyl. endemic
- Gymnosporia polyacantha (Sond.) Szyszyl. subsp. polyacantha, endemic
- Gymnosporia polyacantha (Sond.) Szyszyl. subsp. vaccinifolia (P.Conrath) Jordaan, endemic
Gymnosporia pubescens (N.Robson) Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia putterlickioides Loes., indigenous
- Gymnosporia putterlickioides Loes. subsp. putterlickioides, indigenous
Gymnosporia rubra (Harv.) Loes. endemic
Gymnosporia saxatilis (Burch.) Davison, accepted as Putterlickia saxatilis (Burch.) Jordaan, endemic
Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes. indigenous
Gymnosporia swazica Jordaan, indigenous
Gymnosporia tenuispina (Sond.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Gymnosporia uniflora Davison, indigenous
Gymnosporia vanwykii (R.H.Archer) Jordaan, endemic
Gymnosporia woodii Szyszyl. endemic

Hippocratea

Genus Hippocratea:^[6]

Hippocratea africana (Willd.) Loes. accepted as Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N.Halle var. africana, present
- Hippocratea africana (Willd.) Loes. var. richardiana (Cambess.) N.Robson, accepted as Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N.Halle var. richardiana (Cambess.) N.Halle, present
Hippocratea buchananii Loes. accepted as Reissantia buchananii (Loes.) N.Halle
Hippocratea crenata (Klotzsch) K.Schum. & Loes. accepted as Loeseneriella crenata (Klotzsch) R.Wilczek ex N.Halle var. crenata, present
Hippocratea delagoensis Loes. accepted as Prionostemma delagoensis (Loes.) N.Halle var. delagoensis, present
Hippocratea indica Willd. accepted as Reissantia indica (Willd.) N.Halle var. orientalis N.Halle & B.Mathew, present
Hippocratea longipetiolata Oliv. accepted as Pristimera longipetiolata (Oliv.) N.Halle, present
Hippocratea parviflora N.E.Br. accepted as Reissantia parviflora (N.E.Br.) N.Halle
Hippocratea parvifolia Oliv. accepted as Elachyptera parvifolia (Oliv.) N.Halle, present
Hippocratea schlechteri Loes. var. peglerae Loes. accepted as Pristimera bojeri (Tul.) N.Halle, present

Lauridia

Genus Lauridia:^[6]

Lauridia reticulata Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
Lauridia rupicola Eckl. & Zeyh. accepted as Lauridia reticulata Eckl. & Zeyh. present
Lauridia tetragona (L.f.) R.H.Archer, indigenous

Loeseneriella

Genus Loeseneriella:^[6]

Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N.Halle, indigenous
Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N.Halle var. richardiana (Cambess.) N.Halle, indigenous
Loeseneriella crenata (Klotzsch) R.Wilczek ex N.Halle, indigenous
- Loeseneriella crenata (Klotzsch) R.Wilczek ex N.Halle var. crenata, indigenous

Lydenburgia

Genus Lydenburgia:^[6]

Lydenburgia abbottii (A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins) Steenkamp, A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins, endemic
Lydenburgia cassinoides N.Robson, endemic

Maurocenia

Genus Maurocenia:^[6]

Maurocenia frangula Mill. endemic
Maurocenia frangularia Willd., accepted as Maurocenia frangula Mill. endemic

Maytenus

Genus Maytenus:^[6]

Maytenus abbottii A.E.van Wyk, endemic
Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes. indigenous
- Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes. var. acuminata, indigenous
Maytenus albata (N.E.Br.) E.Schmidt bis & Jordaan, indigenous
Maytenus bachmannii (Loes.) Marais, accepted as Gymnosporia bachmannii Loes. present
Maytenus capitata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Marais, accepted as Gymnosporia capitata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Loes. present
Maytenus cordata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Loes. endemic
Maytenus deflexa (Sprague) E.Schmidt bis & Jordaan, endemic
Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.Robson subsp. glauca N.Robson, accepted as Gymnosporia glaucophylla Jordaan, present
Maytenus ilicina (Burch.) Loes. endemic
Maytenus lucida (L.) Loes. endemic
Maytenus monococca (Davison) Loes. endemic
Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock, accepted as Gymnosporia mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Loes. indigenous
- Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock var. rubra (Harv.) Blakelock, accepted as Gymnosporia rubra (Harv.) Loes. present
Maytenus nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Marais, accepted as Gymnosporia nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Szyszyl. present
Maytenus oleoides (Lam.) Loes. endemic
Maytenus oleosa A.E.van Wyk & R.H.Archer, endemic
Maytenus oxycarpa N.Robson, accepted as Gymnosporia oxycarpa (N.Robson) Jordaan, present
Maytenus peduncularis (Sond.) Loes. indigenous
Maytenus polyacantha (Sond.) Marais, accepted as Gymnosporia polyacantha (Sond.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Maytenus procumbens (L.f.) Loes. indigenous
Maytenus pubescens N.Robson, accepted as Gymnosporia pubescens (N.Robson) Jordaan, present
Maytenus putterlickioides (Loes.) Exell & MendonÃ§a, accepted as Gymnosporia putterlickioides Loes. subsp. putterlickioides, present
Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell, accepted as Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes. present
Maytenus tenuispina (Sond.) Marais, accepted as Gymnosporia tenuispina (Sond.) Szyszyl. present
Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock, indigenous
Maytenus vanwykii R.H.Archer, accepted as Gymnosporia vanwykii (R.H.Archer) Jordaan, present

Mystroxylon

Genus Mystroxylon:^[6]

Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. indigenous
- Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. aethiopicum, endemic
- Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. burkeanum (Sond.) R.H.Archer, endemic
- Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. schlechteri (Loes.) R.H.Archer, indigenous
Mystroxylon pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. accepted as Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. aethiopicum, present
Mystroxylon reticulatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. accepted as Lauridia reticulata Eckl. & Zeyh. present

Pleurostylia

Genus Pleurostylia:^[6]

Pleurostylia capensis (Turcz.) Loes. indigenous

Prionostemma

Genus Prionostemma:^[6]

Prionostemma delagoensis (Loes.) N.Halle, indigenous
- Prionostemma delagoensis (Loes.) N.Halle var. delagoensis, endemic

Pristimera

Genus Pristimera:^[6]

Pristimera bojeri (Tul.) N.Halle, indigenous
Pristimera delagoensis (Loes.) R.H.Archer, indigenous
- Pristimera delagoensis (Loes.) R.H.Archer var. delagoensis, indigenous
Pristimera longipetiolata (Oliv.) N.Halle, indigenous

Putterlickia neglecta Jordaan, R.G.C.Boon & A.E.van Wyk, indigenous
Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl. endemic
Putterlickia retrospinosa A.E.van Wyk & Mostert, endemic
Putterlickia saxatilis (Burch.) Jordaan, endemic
Putterlickia verrucosa (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Szyszyl. indigenous

Reissantia

Genus Reissantia:^[6]

Reissantia indica (Willd.) N.Halle, indigenous
- Reissantia indica (Willd.) N.Halle var. orientalis N.Halle & B.Mathew, indigenous

Robsonodendron

Genus Robsonodendron:^[6]

Robsonodendron eucleiforme (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.H.Archer, indigenous
Robsonodendron maritimum (Bolus) R.H.Archer, endemic

Salacia

Genus Salacia:^[6]

Salacia gerrardii Harv. ex Sprague, endemic
Salacia kraussii (Harv.) Harv. indigenous
Salacia leptoclada Tul. indigenous
Salacia rehmannii Schinz, endemic
Salacia transvaalensis Burtt Davy, accepted as Elaeodendron transvaalense (Burtt Davy) R.H.Archer

References

^ Kubitzki, Klaus, ed. (2004). "Lepidobotryaceae, Parnassiaceae, and Celastraceae". The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. VI. Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany.: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-06512-8.
^ Stevens, Peter F. (2001). "Celastrales". www.mobot.org. Missouri Botanical Garden.
^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms – an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.

[kubitski2004-1] Kubitzki, Klaus, ed. (2004). "Lepidobotryaceae, Parnassiaceae, and Celastraceae". The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. VI. Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany.: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-06512-8.

[celastrales-2] Stevens, Peter F. (2001). "Celastrales". www.mobot.org. Missouri Botanical Garden.

[Doyle_and_Donoghue_1986-3] Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms – an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.

[Butler_2019-4] Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.

[PlantZAfrica-5] "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.

[Plants_2018-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.

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