List of Euphorbiaceae of South Africa

Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants (anthophytes) in the order Malpighiales. In common English, they are sometimes called euphorbias,^[1] which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees. Some are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution.^[2]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.^[3] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.^[4]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).^[5]

47 genera are represented in the literature.^[5] Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Acalypha

Genus Acalypha:^[5]

Acalypha angustata Sond. indigenous
Acalypha capensis (L.f.) Prain & Hutch. indigenous
Acalypha caperonioides Baill. indigenous
- Acalypha caperonioides Baill. var. caperonioides, indigenous
- Acalypha caperonioides Baill. var. galpinii Prain, indigenous
Acalypha ciliata Forssk. indigenous
Acalypha depressinerva (Kuntze) K.Schum. indigenous
Acalypha ecklonii Baill. endemic
Acalypha fimbriata Schumach. & Thonn. indigenous
Acalypha glabrata Thunb. indigenous
- Acalypha glabrata Thunb. var. glabrata, indigenous
- Acalypha glabrata Thunb. var. pilosa Pax, indigenous
- Acalypha glabrata Thunb. var. pilosior (Kuntze) Prain, accepted as Acalypha glabrata Thunb. var. pilosa Pax, present
Acalypha glandulifolia Buchinger ex Meisn. indigenous
Acalypha indica L. indigenous
- Acalypha indica L. var. indica, indigenous
Acalypha ornata Hochst. ex A.Rich. indigenous
Acalypha peduncularis E.Mey. ex Meisn. indigenous
Acalypha pubiflora Baill. indigenous
- Acalypha pubiflora Baill. subsp. pubiflora, indigenous
Acalypha punctata Meisn. indigenous
- Acalypha punctata Meisn. var. punctata, indigenous
- Acalypha punctata Meisn. var. rogersii Prain, indigenous
Acalypha schinzii Pax, accepted as Acalypha depressinerva (Kuntze) K.Schum. present
Acalypha segetalis Mull.Arg. indigenous
Acalypha sonderiana Mull.Arg. indigenous
Acalypha villicaulis Hochst. indigenous
Acalypha wilmsii Pax ex Prain & Hutch. indigenous
Acalypha zeyheri Baill. accepted as Acalypha peduncularis E.Mey. ex Meisn. present

Adenocline

Genus Adenocline:^[5]

Adenocline acuta (Thunb.) Baill. indigenous
Adenocline pauciflora Turcz. endemic
Adenocline violifolia (Kuntze) Prain, endemic

Alchornea

Genus Alchornea:^[5]

Alchornea hirtella Benth. indigenous
Alchornea hirtella Benth. forma glabrata (Mull.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. indigenous
- Alchornea laxiflora (Benth.) Pax & K.Hoffm. indigenous

Aleurites

Genus Aleurites:^[5]

Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. not indigenous, naturalised
- Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. var. moluccana, not indigenous, naturalised

Anisophyllum

Genus Anisophyllum:^[5]

Anisophyllum inaequilaterum (Sond.) Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. indigenous
Anisophyllum mossambicense Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia mossambicensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. indigenous
Anisophyllum mundii Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. indigenous
Anisophyllum setigerum E.Mey. ex Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. indigenous
Anisophyllum tettense Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia tettensis Klotzsch, indigenous

Anthacantha

Genus Anthacantha:^[5]

Anthacantha desmetiana Lem. accepted as Euphorbia heptagona L. indigenous

Arthrothamnus

Genus Arthrothamnus:^[5]

Arthrothamnus bergii Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia burmannii (Klotzsch ex Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Arthrothamnus brachiatus E.Mey. ex Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. indigenous
Arthrothamnus burmanii Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia burmannii (Klotzsch ex Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Arthrothamnus cymosa Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia tenax Burch. indigenous
Arthrothamnus densiflorus Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. indigenous
Arthrothamnus ecklonii Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia tenax Burch. indigenous
Arthrothamnus scopiformis Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia tenax Burch. indigenous

Breynia

Genus Breynia:^[5]

Breynia disticha J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive

Caperonia

Genus Caperonia:^[5]

Caperonia stuhlmannii Pax, indigenous

Cavacoa

Genus Cavacoa

Cavacoa aurea (Cavaco) J.Leonard, indigenous

Cephalocroton

Genus Cephalocroton:^[5]

Cephalocroton mollis Klotzsch, indigenous

Chamaesyce

Genus Chamaesyce:^[5]

Chamaesyce glanduligera (Pax) Koutnik, accepted as Euphorbia glanduligera Pax, indigenous
Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. accepted as Euphorbia indica Lam. present
Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. accepted as Euphorbia hypericifolia L.
Chamaesyce inaequilatera (Sond.) Sojak, accepted as Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. present
Chamaesyce livida (E.Mey. ex Boiss.) Koutnik, accepted as Euphorbia livida E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Chamaesyce mossambicensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Koutnik, accepted as Euphorbia mossambicensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. indigenous
Chamaesyce neopolycnemoides (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Koutnik, accepted as Euphorbia neopolycnemoides Pax & K.Hoffm. indigenous
Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small, accepted as Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, not indigenous, naturalised
Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small, accepted as Euphorbia serpens Kunth, not indigenous, naturalised
Chamaesyce tettensis (Klotzsch) Koutnik, accepted as Euphorbia tettensis Klotzsch, indigenous
Chamaesyce zambesiana (Benth.) Koutnik, accepted as Euphorbia zambesiana Benth. var. zambesiana, indigenous

Chrozophora

Genus Chrozophora:^[5]

Chrozophora plicata (Vahl) A.Juss. ex Spreng. indigenous

Clutia

Genus Clutia:^[5]

Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Spach, indigenous
- Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Spach var. abyssinica, indigenous
Clutia affinis Sond. indigenous
Clutia africana Poir. endemic
Clutia alaternoides L. indigenous
- Clutia alaternoides L. var. alaternoides, endemic
- Clutia alaternoides L. var. angustifolia E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
- Clutia alaternoides L. var. brevifolia E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
Clutia alpina Prain, endemic
Clutia brevifolia Sond. accepted as Clutia polifolia Jacq. present
Clutia cordata Bernh. endemic
Clutia daphnoides Lam. endemic
Clutia disceptata Prain, endemic
Clutia dregeana Scheele, endemic
Clutia ericoides Thunb. indigenous
- Clutia ericoides Thunb. var. ericoides, endemic
- Clutia ericoides Thunb. var. pachyphylla Prain, endemic
- Clutia ericoides Thunb. var. tenuis Sond. endemic
Clutia govaertsii Radcl.-Sm. endemic
Clutia heterophylla Thunb. indigenous
Clutia hirsuta (Sond.) Mull.Arg. indigenous
- Clutia hirsuta (Sond.) Mull.Arg. var. hirsuta, indigenous
- Clutia hirsuta (Sond.) Mull.Arg. var. robusta Prain, endemic
Clutia imbricata E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
Clutia impedita Prain, endemic
Clutia katharinae Pax, indigenous
Clutia laxa Eckl. ex Sond. indigenous
Clutia marginata E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
Clutia monticola S.Moore, indigenous
- Clutia monticola S.Moore var. monticola, indigenous
Clutia nana Prain, indigenous
Clutia natalensis Bernh. indigenous
Clutia ovalis Sond. endemic
Clutia platyphylla Pax & K.Hoffm. endemic
Clutia polifolia Jacq. endemic
Clutia polygonoides L. endemic
Clutia pterogona Mull.Arg. endemic
Clutia pubescens Thunb. endemic
Clutia pulchella L. indigenous
- Clutia pulchella L. var. franksiae Prain, endemic
- Clutia pulchella L. var. obtusata Sond. indigenous
- Clutia pulchella L. var. pulchella, indigenous
Clutia rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. endemic
- Clutia rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. var. grandifolia Prain, accepted as Clutia rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. present
- Clutia rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. var. microphylla Prain, accepted as Clutia rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. present
- Clutia rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. var. tenuifolia Prain, accepted as Clutia rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. present
Clutia sericea Mull.Arg. endemic
Clutia thunbergii Sond. indigenous
Clutia tomentosa L. endemic
Clutia vaccinioides (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Prain, accepted as Clutia govaertsii Radcl.-Sm. present
Clutia virgata Pax & K.Hoffm. indigenous

Croton

Genus Croton:^[5]

Croton bonplandianus Baill. not indigenous, naturalised
Croton gratissimus Burch. indigenous
- Croton gratissimus Burch. var. gratissimus, indigenous
- Croton gratissimus Burch. var. subgratissimus (Prain) Burtt Davy, indigenous
Croton madandensis S.Moore, indigenous
Croton megalobotrys Mull.Arg. indigenous
Croton menyharthii Pax, indigenous
Croton pseudopulchellus Pax, indigenous
Croton rivularis Mull.Arg. endemic
Croton setigerus Hook. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Croton steenkampianus Gerstner, indigenous
Croton sylvaticus Hochst. indigenous
Croton zambesicus Mull.Arg. accepted as Croton gratissimus Burch. var. gratissimus, present

Ctenomeria

Genus Ctenomeria:^[5]

Ctenomeria capensis (Thunb.) Harv. ex Sond. accepted as Tragia capensis Thunb. indigenous
Ctenomeria cordata Harv. accepted as Tragia capensis Thunb. indigenous

Dactylanthes

Genus Dactylanthes:^[5]

Dactylanthes anacantha (Aiton) Haw. accepted as Euphorbia tridentata Lam.
Dactylanthes globosa Haw. accepted as Euphorbia globosa (Haw.) Sims, indigenous
Dactylanthes hamata Haw. accepted as Euphorbia hamata (Haw.) Sweet, indigenous
Dactylanthes patula (Mill.) Haw. accepted as Euphorbia patula Mill. indigenous
Dactylanthes tuberculata (Jacq.) Haw. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.

Dalechampia

Genus Dalechampia:^[5]

Dalechampia capensis A.Spreng. indigenous
Dalechampia galpinii Pax, indigenous
Dalechampia scandens L. indigenous
- Dalechampia scandens L. var. natalensis (Mull.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. indigenous
Dalechampia volubilis E.Mey. ex Baill. accepted as Dalechampia scandens L. var. natalensis (Mull.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. present

Erythrococca

Genus Erythrococca:^[5]

Erythrococca berberidea Prain, indigenous
Erythrococca menyharthii (Pax) Prain, indigenous
Erythrococca natalensis Prain, indigenous
Erythrococca trichogyne (Mull.Arg.) Prain, indigenous
- Erythrococca trichogyne (Mull.Arg.) Prain var. trichogyne, indigenous

Euphorbia

Genus Euphorbia:^[5]

Euphorbia aequoris N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia juttae Dinter, indigenous
Euphorbia aeruginosa Schweick. indigenous
Euphorbia aggregata A.Berger, endemic
- Euphorbia aggregata A.Berger var. alternicolor (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia ferox Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia albanica N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia albertensis N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia decepta N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia albipollinifera L.C.Leach, endemic
Euphorbia albovillosa Pax, accepted as Euphorbia gueinzii Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia alternicolor N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia ferox Marloth, indigenous
Euphorbia amarifontana N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. endemic
Euphorbia anacantha Aiton, accepted as Euphorbia tridentata Lam.
Euphorbia angrae N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia anoplia Stapf, endemic
Euphorbia arabica Steud. & Hochst. ex Boiss. var. latiappendiculata Pax, accepted as Euphorbia neopolycnemoides Pax & K.Hoffm. indigenous
Euphorbia arceuthobioides Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia tenax Burch. endemic
Euphorbia arida N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia armata Thunb. accepted as Euphorbia loricata Lam. indigenous
Euphorbia arrecta N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia tenax Burch. indigenous
Euphorbia artifolia N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia foliosa N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia aspericaulis Pax, accepted as Euphorbia muricata Thunb. endemic
Euphorbia astrispina N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia stellispina Haw. indigenous
Euphorbia astrophora Marx, accepted as Euphorbia brevirama N.E.Br. var. astrophora (Marx) Marx & Van Veldh. endemic
Euphorbia atrispina N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia heptagona L. indigenous
- Euphorbia atrispina N.E.Br. var. viridis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia heptagona L. endemic
Euphorbia avasmontana Dinter, indigenous
- Euphorbia avasmontana Dinter var. sagittaria (Marloth) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia avasmontana Dinter, indigenous
Euphorbia bachmannii Pax, accepted as Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia baliola N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia crassipes Marloth
Euphorbia barnardii A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, endemic
Euphorbia basutica Marloth, accepted as Euphorbia clavarioides Boiss.
Euphorbia baumii Pax, accepted as Euphorbia monteiroi Hook.f.
Euphorbia bayeri L.C.Leach, accepted as Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. endemic
Euphorbia benguelensis Pax, accepted as Euphorbia trichadenia Pax
Euphorbia bergii A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia davyi N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia biglandulosa Willd. accepted as Euphorbia burmannii (Klotzsch ex Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss.
Euphorbia bolusii N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L. endemic
Euphorbia brachiata (E.Mey. ex Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia brakdamensis N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia braunsii N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia brevirama N.E.Br. endemic
- Euphorbia brevirama N.E.Br. var. astrophora (Marx) Marx & Van Veldh. endemic
- Euphorbia brevirama N.E.Br. var. brevirama, endemic
- Euphorbia brevirama N.E.Br. var. supraterra Marx & Van Veldh. endemic
Euphorbia bruynsii L.C.Leach, endemic
Euphorbia bubalina Boiss. endemic
Euphorbia bupleurifolia Jacq. endemic
Euphorbia burmannii (Klotzsch ex Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia burmannii (Klotzsch ex Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss. var. karroensis Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia burmannii (Klotzsch ex Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss.
Euphorbia caerulescens Haw. endemic
Euphorbia canaliculata Lam. accepted as Euphorbia clava Jacq. indigenous
Euphorbia canariensis Thunb. accepted as Euphorbia caerulescens Haw. indigenous
Euphorbia capitosa N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia ferox Marloth, indigenous
Euphorbia caput-medusae L. indigenous
- Euphorbia caput-medusae L. var. geminata Aiton, accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.
- Euphorbia caput-medusae L. var. major Aiton, accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.
- Euphorbia caput-medusae L. var. minor Aiton, accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.
Euphorbia caterviflora N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. endemic
Euphorbia celata R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia cereiformis L. endemic
Euphorbia cervicornis Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia hamata (Haw.) Sweet, indigenous
Euphorbia chersina N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia cibdela N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia spartaria N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia clandestina Jacq. endemic
Euphorbia clava Jacq. endemic
Euphorbia clavarioides Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia clavarioides Boiss. var. truncata (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia clavarioides Boiss. endemic
Euphorbia clavigera N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia clivicola R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia colliculina A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, endemic
Euphorbia commelinii DC. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.
Euphorbia commiphoroides Dinter, accepted as Euphorbia guerichiana Pax
Euphorbia complexa R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia confinalis R.A.Dyer, indigenous
- Euphorbia confinalis R.A.Dyer subsp. confinalis, indigenous
Euphorbia confluens Nel, accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L. endemic
Euphorbia cooperi N.E.Br. ex A.Berger, indigenous
- Euphorbia cooperi N.E.Br. ex A.Berger var. cooperi, indigenous
Euphorbia corifolia Lam. accepted as Euphorbia genistoides P.J.Bergius, indigenous
Euphorbia coronata Thunb. accepted as Euphorbia clava Jacq.
Euphorbia corymbosa N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia burmannii (Klotzsch ex Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss. endemic
Euphorbia crassipes Marloth, indigenous
Euphorbia crispa (Haw.) Sweet, accepted as Euphorbia tuberosa L. endemic
Euphorbia crotonoides Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia crotonoides Boiss. subsp. crotonoides, indigenous
Euphorbia cucumerina Willd. accepted as Euphorbia stellispina Haw. var. stellispina, present
Euphorbia cumulata R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia cupularis Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia cuspidata Bernh. ex Krauss, accepted as Euphorbia striata Thunb. indigenous
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray, not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia cylindrica Marloth ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, endemic
Euphorbia davyi N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia decepta N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia decussata E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia discreta N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia flanaganii N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia dregeana E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia dumosa E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia foliosa N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia duseimata R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Euphorbia ecklonii (Klotzsch & Garcke) Baill. endemic
Euphorbia eendornensis Dinter, accepted as Euphorbia crassipes Marloth
Euphorbia einensis G.Will. accepted as Euphorbia angrae N.E.Br.
- Euphorbia einensis G.Will. var. anemoarenicola G.Will. accepted as Euphorbia angrae N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia elastica Marloth, accepted as Euphorbia dregeana E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia elliptica Thunb. accepted as Euphorbia silenifolia (Haw.) Sweet, indigenous
- Euphorbia elliptica Thunb. var. undulata Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia silenifolia (Haw.) Sweet
Euphorbia enneagona Haw. accepted as Euphorbia mammillaris L. indigenous
Euphorbia enopla auct. var. dentata A.Berger, accepted as Euphorbia heptagona L. indigenous
- Euphorbia enopla Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia heptagona L. indigenous
- Euphorbia enopla Boiss. var. viridis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia heptagona L. endemic
Euphorbia enormis N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia ephedroides E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia ephedroides E.Mey. ex Boiss. var. debilis L.C.Leach, accepted as Euphorbia ephedroides E.Mey. ex Boiss.
- Euphorbia ephedroides E.Mey. ex Boiss. var. imminuta L.C.Leach & G.Will. accepted as Euphorbia ephedroides E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. var. puberula N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. var. wahlbergii (Boiss.) N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia ericoides Lam. endemic
Euphorbia ernestii N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia flanaganii N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia erosa Willd. accepted as Euphorbia mammillaris L. indigenous
Euphorbia erubescens E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia kraussiana Bernh. ex Krauss, indigenous
Euphorbia erythrina Link, endemic
- Euphorbia erythrina Link var. burchellii Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia erythrina Link, indigenous
- Euphorbia erythrina Link var. meyeri N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia erythrina Link, endemic
Euphorbia esculenta Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia espinosa Pax, indigenous
Euphorbia eustacei N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia loricata Lam. endemic
Euphorbia evansii Pax, accepted as Euphorbia grandidens Haw. indigenous
Euphorbia excelsa A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, endemic
Euphorbia exilis L.C.Leach, endemic
Euphorbia falsa N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia meloformis Aiton, indigenous
Euphorbia fasciculata Thunb. endemic
Euphorbia ferox Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia filiflora Marloth, endemic
- Euphorbia filiflora Marloth var. nana G.Will. accepted as Euphorbia filiflora Marloth, indigenous
Euphorbia fimbriata Scop. accepted as Euphorbia mammillaris L. endemic
Euphorbia flanaganii N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia foliosa N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia forskaolii J.Gay, accepted as Euphorbia austro-occidentalis Thell.
Euphorbia fortuita A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, endemic
Euphorbia francescae L.C.Leach, accepted as Euphorbia quadrata Nel, indigenous
Euphorbia franckiana A.Berger, endemic
Euphorbia franksiae N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia flanaganii N.E.Br. indigenous
- Euphorbia franksiae N.E.Br. var. zuluensis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia gerstneriana Bruyns, endemic
Euphorbia frickiana N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia pseudoglobosa Marloth, indigenous
Euphorbia friedrichiae Dinter, indigenous
Euphorbia fructus-pini Mill. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.
- Euphorbia fructus-pini Mill. var. geminata Sweet, accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.
Euphorbia frutescens N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia guerichiana Pax
Euphorbia fusca Marloth, accepted as Euphorbia crassipes Marloth, indigenous
Euphorbia galpinii Pax, accepted as Euphorbia transvaalensis Schltr. indigenous
Euphorbia gamkensis Marx, accepted as Euphorbia decepta N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia gariepina Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia gariepina Boiss. subsp. gariepina, indigenous
Euphorbia gatbergensis N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia flanaganii N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia genistoides P.J.Bergius, endemic
- Euphorbia genistoides P.J.Bergius var. corifolia (Lam.) N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia genistoides P.J.Bergius, indigenous
- Euphorbia genistoides P.J.Bergius var. puberula N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia genistoides P.J.Bergius, indigenous
Euphorbia gentilis N.E.Br. endemic
- Euphorbia gentilis N.E.Br. subsp. tanquana L.C.Leach, accepted as Euphorbia gentilis N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia gerstneriana Bruyns, endemic
Euphorbia gilbertii A.Berger, accepted as Euphorbia stellata Willd. indigenous
Euphorbia glandularis L.C.Leach & G.Will. accepted as Euphorbia exilis L.C.Leach, endemic
Euphorbia glanduligera Pax, indigenous
Euphorbia glaucella Pax, accepted as Euphorbia glanduligera Pax
Euphorbia globosa (Haw.) Sims, endemic
Euphorbia glomerata A.Berger, accepted as Euphorbia globosa (Haw.) Sims, indigenous
Euphorbia gorgonis A.Berger, accepted as Euphorbia procumbens Mill. endemic
Euphorbia gossweileri Pax, accepted as Euphorbia trichadenia Pax
Euphorbia grandialata R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc, indigenous
- Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc subsp. grandicornis, indigenous
- Euphorbia grandicornis Goebel, accepted as Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc
- Euphorbia grandicornis J.Weiss, accepted as Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc
Euphorbia grandidens Haw. indigenous
Euphorbia graveolens N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia restituta N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia gregaria Marloth, indigenous
Euphorbia griseola Pax, indigenous
- Euphorbia griseola Pax subsp. griseola, indigenous
Euphorbia groenewaldii R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia gueinzii Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia gueinzii Boiss. var. albovillosa (Pax) N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia gueinzii Boiss. endemic
Euphorbia guerichiana Pax, indigenous
Euphorbia gummifera Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia hallii R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia hamata (Haw.) Sweet, indigenous
Euphorbia hastisquama N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia helioscopia L. not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia heptagona L. endemic
- Euphorbia heptagona L. var. dentata (A.Berger) N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia heptagona L. endemic
- Euphorbia heptagona L. var. fulvispina A.Berger, accepted as Euphorbia heptagona L.
- Euphorbia heptagona L. var. ramosa A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia heptagona L. endemic
- Euphorbia heptagona L. var. subsessilis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia heptagona L. endemic
- Euphorbia heptagona L. var. viridis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia heptagona L. endemic
Euphorbia hereroensis Pax, accepted as Euphorbia phylloclada Boiss.
Euphorbia herrei A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, indigenous
Euphorbia heterophylla L. not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia hirsuta L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Euphorbia hirta L. not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia hopetownensis Nel, accepted as Euphorbia crassipes Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia horrida Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia polygona Haw. indigenous
- Euphorbia horrida Boiss. var. major A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia polygona Haw. endemic
- Euphorbia horrida Boiss. var. noorsveldensis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia polygona Haw. endemic
- Euphorbia horrida Boiss. var. striata A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia polygona Haw. endemic
Euphorbia hottentota Marloth, accepted as Euphorbia avasmontana Dinter, indigenous
Euphorbia huttonae N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia hydnorae E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia burmannii (Klotzsch ex Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia hypericifolia L. not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia hypogaea Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia hystrix Jacq. accepted as Euphorbia loricata Lam. indigenous
Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. indigenous
- Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. var. inaequilatera, indigenous
- Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. var. perennis N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. indigenous
Euphorbia indecora N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia spartaria N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia indica Lam. not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia inelegans N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia crassipes Marloth, indigenous
Euphorbia inermis Mill. endemic
- Euphorbia inermis Mill. var. huttonae (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia huttonae N.E.Br. endemic
- Euphorbia inermis Mill. var. laniglans N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia esculenta Marloth, indigenous
Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia inornata N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia crassipes Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia involucrata E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia involucrata E.Mey. ex Boiss. var. megastegia Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia jansenvillensis Nel, endemic
Euphorbia juglans Compton, accepted as Euphorbia pseudoglobosa Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia juttae Dinter, indigenous
Euphorbia kalaharica Marloth, accepted as Euphorbia avasmontana Dinter, indigenous
Euphorbia karroensis (Boiss.) N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia burmannii (Klotzsch ex Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia knobelii Letty, endemic
Euphorbia knuthii Pax, indigenous
- Euphorbia knuthii Pax subsp. knuthii, indigenous
Euphorbia kraussiana Bernh. ex Krauss, endemic
- Euphorbia kraussiana Bernh. ex Krauss var. erubescens (E.Mey. ex Boiss.) N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia kraussiana Bernh. ex Krauss, endemic
Euphorbia kwebensis N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia glanduligera Pax
Euphorbia lathyris L. not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia latimammillaris Croizat, accepted as Euphorbia mammillaris L. indigenous
Euphorbia laxiflora Kuntze, accepted as Euphorbia bubalina Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia ledienii A.Berger, accepted as Euphorbia caerulescens Haw. indigenous
- Euphorbia ledienii A.Berger var. dregei N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia caerulescens Haw. endemic
Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Euphorbia limpopoana L.C.Leach ex S.Carter, indigenous
Euphorbia livida E.Mey. ex Boiss. endemic
Euphorbia lombardensis Nel, accepted as Euphorbia stellata Willd. indigenous
Euphorbia longibracteata Pax, accepted as Euphorbia monteiroi Hook.f.
Euphorbia loricata Lam. endemic
Euphorbia louwii L.C.Leach, endemic
Euphorbia lugardiae (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Euphorbia lumbricalis L.C.Leach, accepted as Euphorbia stapelioides Boiss. endemic
Euphorbia lydenburgensis Schweick. & Letty, endemic
Euphorbia macella N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia burmannii (Klotzsch ex Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss. endemic
Euphorbia macowani N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.
Euphorbia maculata (L.) Small, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Euphorbia maleolens E.Phillips, indigenous
Euphorbia malevola L.C.Leach subsp. bechuanica L.C.Leach, accepted as Euphorbia limpopoana L.C.Leach ex S.Carter
Euphorbia mammillaris L. endemic
- Euphorbia mammillaris L. var. spinosior A.Berger, accepted as Euphorbia mammillaris L. indigenous
- Euphorbia mammillaris L. var. submammillaris A.Berger, accepted as Euphorbia mammillaris L. indigenous
Euphorbia marginata Pursh, not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia marientalii Dinter, accepted as Euphorbia braunsii N.E.Br.
Euphorbia marlothiana N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L. endemic
- Euphorbia mauritanica L. indigenous
- Euphorbia mauritanica L. var. corallothamnus Dinter ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia mauritanica L.
- Euphorbia mauritanica L. var. foetens Dinter ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia mauritanica L.
- Euphorbia mauritanica L. var. lignosa A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia mauritanica L. indigenous
- Euphorbia mauritanica L. var. minor A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia mauritanica L. endemic
- Euphorbia mauritanica L. var. namaquensis N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia mauritanica L. indigenous
Euphorbia medusae Thunb. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L. indigenous
Euphorbia melanohydrata Nel, indigenous
Euphorbia melanosticta E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia mauritanica L. indigenous
- Euphorbia meloformis Aiton, endemic
- Euphorbia meloformis Aiton subsp. meloformis forma falsa, accepted as Euphorbia meloformis Aiton, endemic
- Euphorbia meloformis Aiton subsp. meloformis var. magna, accepted as Euphorbia meloformis Aiton, indigenous
- Euphorbia meloformis Aiton subsp. valida (N.E.Br.) G.D.Rowley, accepted as Euphorbia meloformis Aiton, endemic
- Euphorbia meloformis Aiton var. pomiformis (Thunb.) Marloth, accepted as Euphorbia meloformis Aiton, indigenous
- Euphorbia meloformis Aiton var. prolifera Frick, accepted as Euphorbia meloformis Aiton, indigenous
Euphorbia meyeri Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia erythrina Link, indigenous
- Euphorbia meyeri Nel, accepted as Euphorbia filiflora Marloth, indigenous
Euphorbia micracantha Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia stellata Willd. endemic
Euphorbia mira L.C.Leach, accepted as Euphorbia silenifolia (Haw.) Sweet, endemic
Euphorbia miscella L.C.Leach, accepted as Euphorbia celata R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Euphorbia mixta N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia tenax Burch. endemic
Euphorbia monteiroi Hook.f. indigenous
- Euphorbia monteiroi Hook.f. subsp. ramosa L.C.Leach, indigenous
Euphorbia morinii A.Berger, accepted as Euphorbia heptagona L. indigenous
Euphorbia mossambicensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia muirii N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L. endemic
Euphorbia multiceps A.Berger, endemic
Euphorbia multifida N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia multifolia A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, endemic
Euphorbia multiramosa Nel, accepted as Euphorbia namaquensis N.E.Br. present
Euphorbia mundii N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia muraltioides N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia muricata Thunb. endemic
Euphorbia namaquensis N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss, indigenous
Euphorbia nelii A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia filiflora Marloth, indigenous
Euphorbia nelsii Pax, accepted as Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond.
Euphorbia neopolycnemoides Pax & K.Hoffm. indigenous
Euphorbia nesemannii R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia nutans Lag. not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia obesa Hook.f. endemic
- Euphorbia obesa Hook.f. subsp. symmetrica (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) G.D.Rowley, accepted as Euphorbia obesa Hook.f. indigenous
Euphorbia ornithopus Jacq. accepted as Euphorbia tridentata Lam. var. ornithopus (Jacq.) Van Veldh. & Lawant, endemic
Euphorbia ovata (E.Mey. ex Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia sclerophylla Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia oxystegia Boiss. endemic
Euphorbia parvifolia E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. indigenous
- Euphorbia parvifolia E.Mey. ex Boiss. var. laxa Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond.
Euphorbia passa N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia flanaganii N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia patula Mill. endemic
Euphorbia paxiana Dinter, accepted as Euphorbia mauritanica L.
Euphorbia pedemontana L.C.Leach, endemic
Euphorbia peltigera E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia hamata (Haw.) Sweet, indigenous
Euphorbia pentagona Haw. endemic
Euphorbia pentops Marloth ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, endemic
Euphorbia peplus L. not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia perangusta R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia perpera N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. endemic
Euphorbia persistens R.A.Dyer, accepted as Euphorbia clavigera N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia pfeilii Pax, accepted as Euphorbia glanduligera Pax, indigenous
Euphorbia phylloclada Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia phymatoclada Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia burmannii (Klotzsch ex Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia pillansii N.E.Br. endemic
- Euphorbia pillansii N.E.Br. var. albovirens A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia pillansii N.E.Br. endemic
- Euphorbia pillansii N.E.Br. var. ramosissima A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia pillansii N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia pistiifolia Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia ecklonii (Klotzsch & Garcke) Baill. indigenous
Euphorbia planiceps A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia wilmaniae Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia platymammillaris Croizat, accepted as Euphorbia mammillaris L. indigenous
Euphorbia polycephala Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia polygona Haw. endemic
- Euphorbia polygona Haw. var. alba D.H.Schnabel, accepted as Euphorbia polygona Haw. endemic
- Euphorbia polygona Haw. var. ambigua D.H.Schnabel, accepted as Euphorbia polygona Haw. endemic
- Euphorbia polygona Haw. var. exilis Schnabel, accepted as Euphorbia polygona Haw. indigenous
- Euphorbia polygona Haw. var. horrida (Boiss.) D.H.Schnabel forma alba, accepted as Euphorbia polygona Haw. indigenous
- Euphorbia polygona Haw. var. minor D.H.Schnabel, accepted as Euphorbia polygona Haw. endemic
- Euphorbia polygona Haw. var. nivea Schnabel, accepted as Euphorbia polygona Haw. indigenous
Euphorbia pomiformis Thunb. accepted as Euphorbia meloformis Aiton, indigenous
Euphorbia procumbens Meerb. accepted as Euphorbia stellata Willd.
- Euphorbia procumbens Mill. endemic
Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia proteifolia Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia bupleurifolia Jacq. indigenous
Euphorbia pseudocactus A.Berger, endemic
Euphorbia pseudoduseimata A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia davyi N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia pseudoglobosa Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia pseudohypogaea Dinter, accepted as Euphorbia davyi N.E.Br.
Euphorbia pseudotuberosa Pax, indigenous
Euphorbia pubiglans N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia clava Jacq. endemic
Euphorbia pugniformis Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia procumbens Mill. endemic
Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch, not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia pulvinata Marloth, indigenous
Euphorbia pyriformis N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia meloformis Aiton, indigenous
Euphorbia quadrata Nel, endemic
Euphorbia racemosa E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia spartaria N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia radiata E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia restituta N.E.Br.
- Euphorbia radiata Thunb. accepted as Euphorbia stellata Willd. indigenous
Euphorbia radyeri Bruyns, endemic
Euphorbia ramiglans N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L. endemic
Euphorbia rangeana Dinter, accepted as Euphorbia braunsii N.E.Br.
Euphorbia rectirama N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia spartaria N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia restituta N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia restricta R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. var. cymosa N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia tenax Burch. indigenous
- Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. var. laxa N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia spartaria N.E.Br. indigenous
- Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. var. triceps N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia spartaria N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia rowlandii R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Euphorbia rudis N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia braunsii N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia rudolfii N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia ruscifolia (Boiss.) N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia sagittaria Marloth, accepted as Euphorbia avasmontana Dinter, indigenous
Euphorbia sanguinea Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss. var. natalensis Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. indigenous
- Euphorbia sanguinea Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss. var. setigera E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. indigenous
Euphorbia sarcostemmatoides Dinter, accepted as Euphorbia mauritanica L.
Euphorbia schinzii Pax, indigenous
Euphorbia schoenlandii Pax, endemic
Euphorbia sclerophylla Boiss. endemic
- Euphorbia sclerophylla Boiss. var. myrtifolia E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia sclerophylla Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia sclerophylla Boiss. var. puberula N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia sclerophylla Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia sclerophylla Boiss. var. ruscifolia Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia ruscifolia (Boiss.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia scopoliana Steud. accepted as Euphorbia mammillaris L. indigenous
Euphorbia sekukuniensis R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia serpens Kunth, not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia serpiformis Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia tenax Burch. indigenous
Euphorbia serrata L. not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia silenifolia (Haw.) Sweet, endemic
Euphorbia siliciicola Dinter, accepted as Euphorbia juttae Dinter
Euphorbia similis A.Berger, accepted as Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia spartaria N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia spicata E.Mey. ex Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia muricata Thunb. endemic
Euphorbia spinea N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia squarrosa Haw. accepted as Euphorbia stellata Willd. endemic
Euphorbia stapelioides Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia stegmatica Nel, accepted as Euphorbia quadrata Nel, indigenous
Euphorbia stellata Willd. endemic
- Euphorbia stellispina Haw. endemic
- Euphorbia stellispina Haw. var. astrispina (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia stellispina Haw. endemic
Euphorbia stolonifera Marloth ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, endemic
Euphorbia striata Thunb. indigenous
- Euphorbia striata Thunb. var. brachyphylla Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia sclerophylla Boiss. indigenous
- Euphorbia striata Thunb. var. cuspidata Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia striata Thunb. endemic
Euphorbia subfalcata Hiern, accepted as Euphorbia trichadenia Pax
Euphorbia submammillaris (A.Berger) A.Berger, indigenous
Euphorbia suffulta Bruyns, endemic
Euphorbia superans Nel ex Herre, accepted as Euphorbia huttonae N.E.Br. present
Euphorbia suppressa Marx, accepted as Euphorbia decepta N.E.Br. indigenous
Euphorbia susannae Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia symmetrica A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia obesa Hook.f. indigenous
Euphorbia tenax Burch. endemic
Euphorbia terracina L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Euphorbia tessellata (Haw.) Sweet, accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.
Euphorbia tetragona Haw. endemic
Euphorbia tettensis Klotzsch, indigenous
Euphorbia tirucalli L. indigenous
Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. smallii (Millsp.) V.W.Steinm. not indigenous, naturalised
Euphorbia tortirama R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia transvaalensis Schltr. indigenous
Euphorbia triangularis Desf. ex A.Berger, indigenous
- Euphorbia trichadenia Pax, indigenous
- Euphorbia trichadenia Pax var. gibbsiae N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia trichadenia Pax
Euphorbia tridentata Lam. endemic
- Euphorbia tridentata Lam. var. ornithopus (Jacq.) Van Veldh. & Lawant, endemic
- Euphorbia tridentata Lam. var. tridentata, endemic
Euphorbia truncata N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia clavarioides Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia tuberculata Jacq. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L. indigenous
- Euphorbia tuberculata Jacq. var. macowani (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L. endemic
Euphorbia tuberculatoides N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L. indigenous
Euphorbia tuberosa L. endemic
Euphorbia tubiglans Marloth ex R.A.Dyer, accepted as Euphorbia jansenvillensis Nel, endemic
Euphorbia tugelensis N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia umfoloziensis Peckover, endemic
Euphorbia uncinata DC. accepted as Euphorbia stellata Willd. indigenous
Euphorbia vaalputsiana L.C.Leach, accepted as Euphorbia gentilis N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia valida N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia meloformis Aiton, indigenous
Euphorbia vandermerwei R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia venenata Marloth, accepted as Euphorbia avasmontana Dinter
Euphorbia versicolores G.Will. accepted as Euphorbia filiflora Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia virosa Willd. indigenous
- Euphorbia virosa Willd. subsp. virosa, indigenous
- Euphorbia virosa Willd. var. caerulescens (Haw.) A.Berger, accepted as Euphorbia caerulescens Haw. indigenous
Euphorbia volkmanniae Dinter, accepted as Euphorbia avasmontana Dinter
Euphorbia wahlbergii Boiss. accepted as Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Euphorbia waterbergensis R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia wilmaniae Marloth, endemic
Euphorbia woodii N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia flanaganii N.E.Br. endemic
Euphorbia x bothae Lotsy & Goddijn, endemic
Euphorbia x curvirama R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia x inconstantia R.A.Dyer, endemic
Euphorbia zambesiana Benth. indigenous
- Euphorbia zambesiana Benth. var. zambesiana, indigenous
Euphorbia zoutpansbergensis R.A.Dyer, endemic

Excoecaria

Genus Excoecaria:^[5]

Excoecaria simii (Kuntze) Pax, endemic

Galarhoeus

Genus Galarhoeus:^[5]

Galarhoeus genistoides (P.J.Bergius) Haw. accepted as Euphorbia genistoides P.J.Bergius, indigenous

Homalanthus

Genus Homalanthus:^[5]

Homalanthus populifolius Graham, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Jatropha

Genus Jatropha:^[5]

Jatropha capensis (L.f.) Sond. endemic
Jatropha curcas L. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Jatropha erythropoda Pax & K.Hoffm. indigenous
Jatropha gossypiifolia L. not indigenous, naturalised
- Jatropha gossypiifolia L. var. elegans (Pohl) Mull.Arg. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Jatropha hirsuta Hochst. indigenous
- Jatropha hirsuta Hochst. var. glabrescens (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Prain, endemic
- Jatropha hirsuta Hochst. var. hirsuta, endemic
- Jatropha hirsuta Hochst. var. oblongifolia Prain, indigenous
Jatropha lagarinthoides Sond. endemic
Jatropha latifolia Pax, indigenous
- Jatropha latifolia Pax var. angustata Prain, endemic
- Jatropha latifolia Pax var. latifolia, endemic
- Jatropha latifolia Pax var. swazica Prain, indigenous
Jatropha multifida L. not indigenous, naturalised
Jatropha natalensis Mull.Arg. endemic
Jatropha orangeana Dinter ex P.G.Mey. indigenous
Jatropha podagrica Hook. not indigenous, naturalised
Jatropha pseudoglandulifera Pax, accepted as Jatropha spicata Pax
Jatropha schlechteri Pax, indigenous
- Jatropha schlechteri Pax subsp. schlechteri, indigenous
- Jatropha schlechteri Pax subsp. setifera (Hutch.) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
Jatropha spicata Pax, indigenous
Jatropha variifolia Pax, indigenous
Jatropha woodii Kuntze, endemic
Jatropha zeyheri Sond. indigenous
- Jatropha zeyheri Sond. var. platyphylla Pax, accepted as Jatropha zeyheri Sond. present
- Jatropha zeyheri Sond. var. subsimplex Prain, accepted as Jatropha zeyheri Sond. present

Leidesia

Genus Leidesia:^[5]

Leidesia procumbens (L.) Prain, indigenous

Macaranga

Genus Macaranga:^[5]

Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Benth. ex Sim, indigenous
- Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Benth. ex Sim var. capensis, indigenous

Manihot

Genus Manihot:^[5]

Manihot dichotoma Ule, not indigenous, naturalised
Manihot dulcis (J.F.Gmel.) Pax, accepted as Manihot esculenta Crantz, not indigenous, naturalised
Manihot esculenta Crantz, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Manihot glaziovii Mull.Arg. not indigenous, naturalised

Medusea

Genus Medusea:^[5]

Medusea fructus-pini (Mill.) Haw. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.
Medusea globosa (Haw.) Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia globosa (Haw.) Sims, indigenous
Medusea hamata (Haw.) Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia hamata (Haw.) Sweet, indigenous
Medusea major Haw. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.
Medusea patula (Mill.) Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia patula Mill. indigenous
Medusea procumbens (Mill.) Haw. accepted as Euphorbia procumbens Mill. indigenous
Medusea tessellata Haw. accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.
Medusea tridentata (Lam.) Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia tridentata Lam. indigenous
Medusea tuberculata (Jacq.) Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia caput-medusae L.

Mercurialis

Genus Mercurialis:^[5]

Mercurialis annua L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Micrococca

Genus Micrococca:^[5]

Micrococca capensis (Baill.) Prain, indigenous

Monadenium

Genus Monadenium:^[5]

Monadenium lugardiae N.E.Br. accepted as Euphorbia lugardiae (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous

Pedilanthus

Genus Pedilanthus:^[5]

Pedilanthus smallii Millsp. accepted as Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. smallii (Millsp.) V.W.Steinm. not indigenous, naturalised
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) A.Poit. subsp. smallii (Millsp.) Dressler, accepted as Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. smallii (Millsp.) V.W.Steinm. not indigenous, naturalised

Pterococcus

Genus Pterococcus:^[5]

Pterococcus africanus (Sond.) Pax & K.Hoffm. accepted as Plukenetia africana Sond. present

Ricinus

Genus Ricinus:^[5]

Ricinus communis L. accepted as Ricinus communis L. var. communis, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Ricinus communis L. var. communis, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive

Sapium

Genus Sapium:^[5]

Sapium ellipticum (Hochst.) Pax, accepted as Shirakiopsis elliptica (Hochst.) Esser, present
Sapium integerrimum (Hochst.) J.Leonard, accepted as Sclerocroton integerrimus Hochst. present

Schinziophyton

Genus Schinziophyton:^[5]

Schinziophyton rautanenii (Schinz) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous

Sclerocroton

Genus Sclerocroton:^[5]

Sclerocroton integerrimus Hochst. indigenous

Seidelia

Genus Seidelia:^[5]

Seidelia pumila (Sond.) Baill. endemic
Seidelia triandra (E.Mey.) Pax, indigenous

Shirakiopsis

Genus Shirakiopsis:^[5]

Shirakiopsis elliptica (Hochst.) Esser, indigenous

Spirostachys

Genus Spirostachys:^[5]

Spirostachys africana Sond. indigenous

Suregada

Genus Suregada:^[5]

Suregada africana (Sond.) Kuntze, indigenous
Suregada procera (Prain) Croizat, indigenous
Suregada zanzibariensis Baill. indigenous

Synadenium

Genus Synadenium:^[5]

Synadenium cupulare (Boiss.) L.C.Wheeler ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, accepted as Euphorbia cupularis Boiss. indigenous

Tithymalus

Genus Tithymalus:^[5]

Tithymalus apiculatus Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia erythrina Link, indigenous
Tithymalus attenuatus Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia silenifolia (Haw.) Sweet, indigenous
Tithymalus bergii Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia silenifolia (Haw.) Sweet, indigenous
Tithymalus brachypus Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia mauritanica L. indigenous
Tithymalus capensis Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss, indigenous
Tithymalus confertus Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia erythrina Link
Tithymalus crispus Haw. accepted as Euphorbia tuberosa L. indigenous
Tithymalus ecklonii Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia ecklonii (Klotzsch & Garcke) Baill. indigenous
Tithymalus ellipticus (Thunb.) Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia silenifolia (Haw.) Sweet, indigenous
Tithymalus epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Tithymalus erythrinus (Link) Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia erythrina Link, indigenous
Tithymalus foliosus Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia foliosa N.E.Br. indigenous
Tithymalus genistoides (P.J.Bergius) Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia genistoides P.J.Bergius, indigenous
Tithymalus involucratus Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. indigenous
Tithymalus longipetiolatus Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia silenifolia (Haw.) Sweet, indigenous
Tithymalus mauritanicus (L.) Haw. accepted as Euphorbia mauritanica L. indigenous
Tithymalus meyeri Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia kraussiana Bernh. ex Krauss, indigenous
Tithymalus multicaulis Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia sclerophylla Boiss. indigenous
Tithymalus ovatus E.Mey. ex Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia sclerophylla Boiss. indigenous
Tithymalus revolutus Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia genistoides P.J.Bergius, indigenous
Tithymalus straitus (Thunb.) Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia striata Thunb. indigenous
Tithymalus truncatus Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia kraussiana Bernh. ex Krauss, indigenous
Tithymalus tuberosus (L.) Hill, accepted as Euphorbia tuberosa L. indigenous
Tithymalus zeyheri Klotzsch & Garcke, accepted as Euphorbia mauritanica L. indigenous

Tragia

Genus Tragia:^[5]

Tragia capensis Thunb. indigenous
Tragia collina Prain, endemic
Tragia cordata (Harv.) Burtt Davy, accepted as Tragia capensis Thunb. indigenous
Tragia dioica Sond. indigenous
Tragia glabrata (Mull.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. indigenous
- Tragia glabrata (Mull.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. var. glabrata, indigenous
Tragia incisifolia Prain, indigenous
Tragia kirkiana Mull.Arg. indigenous
Tragia meyeriana Mull.Arg. indigenous
Tragia minor Sond. indigenous
Tragia okanyua Pax, indigenous
Tragia physocarpa Prain, indigenous
Tragia prionoides Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
Tragia rogersii Prain, endemic
Tragia rupestris Sond. indigenous
Tragia sonderi Prain, indigenous
Tragia wahlbergiana Prain, endemic

Tragiella

Genus Tragiella:^[5]

Tragiella natalensis (Sond.) Pax & K.Hoffm. indigenous

Treisia

Genus Treisia:^[5]

Treisia hystrix (Jacq.) Haw. accepted as Euphorbia loricata Lam. indigenous
Treisia tuberculata Haw. accepted as Euphorbia clava Jacq.

Vernicia

Genus Vernicia:^[5]

Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw, not indigenous, naturalised
Vernicia montana Lour. not indigenous, naturalised

References

^ "Definition of Euphorbia". Merriam Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
^ Natasha Nguyen (2014). "Convergent evolution of cacti and euphorbias". Retrieved 31 March 2007.
^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.

[1] "Definition of Euphorbia". Merriam Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 10 June 2019.

[2] Natasha Nguyen (2014). "Convergent evolution of cacti and euphorbias". Retrieved 31 March 2007.

[Butler_2019-3] Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.

[PlantZAfrica-4] "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.

[Plants_2018-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.

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