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Scandoromani is a Para-Romani dialect spoken by the Romanisæl, a subgroup of the Romani people in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly Scandoromani speakers),[1] and Sweden.
Subforms are referred to as:
The Norwegian Romani language or Traveller Norwegian (tavringens rakripa, lit. 'Traveller's language'),[2][3] Norwegian: romani or norsk romani (Norwegian Romani), in Norway (the Romani language of the Norwegian Roma is referred to as romanes in Norwegian);
The Swedish Romani language or Tavringer Romani,[4]Traveller Swedish or Tattare,[5] Swedish: svensk romani (Swedish Romani), in Sweden;
Like Angloromani in Britain and Caló in Spain, Scandoromani draws upon a vocabulary of inflected Romani. Much of the original Romani grammar, however, has been lost to the users, and they now communicate in Swedish or Norwegian grammar.
There is no standardised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scandoromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (ä, æ, ø, å) and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., tj- (/ɕ/) or kj- (/ç/ alt. /tʃ/) to represent the Romani č/tʃ/ and čh/tʃʰ/. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: tjuro[7] (S) / kjuro[2] (N) 'knife'; gräj[7] (S) / grei[2] (N) 'horse'.
Carling, Gerd; Lindell, Lenny; Ambrazaitis, Gilbert (2014), Scandoromani: Remnants of a Mixed Language, Leiden: Brill, ISBN9789004266445
Resande Folkets Riksorganisation (2006), Ordlista i resandespråket romani (in Swedish and Traveller Norwegian) (2nd ed.), Malmö: Föreningen Resande Folkets Riksorganisation, ISBN91-631-9668-9
Suggested further reading
Baardsen, Gjest (1948). Vandrings- eller skøiersprog; med tillegg av F. L. Hartman og N. Olsen. Ord og sed (in Norwegian). Oslo: Noregs boklag Helge Refsum.
Iversen, Ragnvald (1945). The Rodi (Rotwelsch) in Norway. Secret languages in Norway. Oslo: I Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad.
Karlsen, Ludvig (1993). Romani-folkets ordbok : [tavringens rakripa : de reisendes språk : romani-norsk-engelsk] (in Traveller Norwegian, Norwegian, and English). Oslo. ISBN8299236312.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Lindell, Lenny[in Swedish]; Thorbjörnsson-Djerf, Kenth (2008). Carling, Gerd (ed.). Ordbok över svensk romani: Resandefolkets språk och sånger (in Swedish). Stockholm: Podium. ISBN978-91-89196-43-8. (A lexicon and grammatical overview of Tavringer Romani; includes several Traveller song texts in extenso)
Miskow, Johan; Brøndal, Viggo (1923). "Sigøjnersprog i Danmark"(PDF). Danske Studier (in Danish): 97–145.
