Yuba County, California

County of Yuba
County of Yuba
County
	Images, from top down, left to right: Englebright Lake, Englebright Dam and Beale Air Force Base
	Seal
	Interactive map of Yuba County
	Location in the state of California
Country	United States
State	California
County	Yuba County
CSA	Sacramento–Arden-Arcade–Yuba City
Incorporated	February 18, 1850
Named for	Yuba River
County seat	Marysville
Largest community	Linda (population); Loma Rica (area); Marysville (incorporated)
Government
• Type	Council–Administrator
• Chair	Gary Bradford
• Vice Chair	Jon Messick
• Board of Supervisors	Supervisors Andy Vasquez Jr.; Renick House; Seth Fuhrer; Gary Bradford; Jon Messick;
• County Administrator	Kevin Mallen
Area
• Total	644 sq mi (1,670 km2)
• Land	632 sq mi (1,640 km2)
• Water	12 sq mi (30 km2)
Highest elevation	4,828 ft (1,472 m)
Population (2020)
• Total	81,575
• Density	130/sq mi (49/km2)
GDP
• Total	$3.768 billion (2022)
Time zone	UTC-8 (Pacific Time Zone)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Congressional districts	1st, 3rd
Website	www.co.yuba.ca.us

Yuba County (/ˈjuːbə/ ^ⓘ; Maidu: Yubu)^[5]^[6] is a county located in north-central Central Valley, California, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, its population was 81,575.^[7] Yuba County is included in the Yuba City metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Sacramento–Roseville combined statistical area. The county is in the Central Valley region along the Feather River; the county seat is Marysville.^[8]

History

Yuba County was one of California's original counties, formed in 1850 at the time of statehood. Parts of the county's territory were given to Placer County in 1851, to Nevada County in 1851, and to Sierra County in 1852.

The county was named after the Yuba River by Captain John Sutter for the Maidu village Yubu, Yupu, or Juba near the confluence of the Yuba and Feather Rivers. General Mariano Vallejo said the river was named Uba by an exploring expedition in 1824 because of the quantities of wild grapes (uvas silvestres in Spanish) that they found growing on its banks.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 644 square miles (1,670 km²), of which 12 square miles (31 km²) (1.9%) are covered by water.^[9] It is California's fifth-smallest county by area. The county lies along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, the steep slopes making it prime territory for the siting of hydroelectric power plants.

Part of the county, where Marysville (the county seat) and most of the population lives, is west of the mountains on the valley floor; a great deal of agricultural business occurs in this part of the county, especially fruit orchards, rice fields, and cattle ranching.^[10]

Ecology

Yuba is the most biodiverse county in the contiguous United States, with a documented 1,968 native vascular plant species per 10,000 square kilometres (3,860 sq mi),^[11] and 2,772 total species verifiably observed.^[12] Flowering plant species include the yellow mariposa lily (Calochortus luteus).^[13]

National protected areas in Yuba County include parts of the Plumas National Forest and the Tahoe National Forest. The county also has natural areas consisting of forests, grasslands, riparian areas, and meadows.^{[citation needed]}

Adjacent counties

Butte County to the north
Sierra County to the northeast
Nevada County to the east
Placer County to the southeast
Sutter County to the southwest

Crime

This table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense:

Population and crime rates
Population^[14]	71,817
Violent crime^[15]	279	3.88
Homicide^[15]	3	0.04
Forcible rape^[15]	24	0.33
Robbery^[15]	46	0.64
Aggravated assault^[15]	206	2.87
Property crime^[15]	883	12.30
Burglary^[15]	455	6.34
Larceny-theft^[15]^{[note 1]}	836	11.64
Motor vehicle theft^[15]	208	2.90
Arson^[15]	21	0.29

Cities by population and crime rates

Cities by population and crime rates
City	Population^[16]	Violent crimes^[16]	Violent crime rate per 1,000 persons	Property crimes^[16]	Property crime rate per 1,000 persons
Marysville	12,254	88	7.18	502	40.97
Wheatland	3,509	2	0.57	36	10.26

Politics

Voter registration statistics

Population and registered voters
Total population^[14]	71,817
Registered voters^[17]^{[note 2]}	29,044	40.4%
Democratic^[17]	9,139	31.5%
Republican^[17]	11,402	39.3%
Democratic–Republican spread^[17]	-2,263	-7.8%
Independent^[17]	1,346	4.6%
Green^[17]	139	0.5%
Libertarian^[17]	220	0.8%
Peace and Freedom^[17]	110	0.4%
Americans Elect^[17]	2	0.0%
Other^[17]	28	0.1%
No party preference^[17]	6,658	22.9%

Cities by population and voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration
City	Population^[14]	Registered voters^[17] ^{[note 2]}	Democratic^[17]	Republican^[17]	D–R spread^[17]	Other^[17]	No party preference^[17]
Marysville	12,248	38.9%	35.0%	37.9%	-2.9%	9.6%	21.4%
Wheatland	3,381	47.0%	25.5%	48.2%	-22.7%	11.3%	19.9%

Overview

Yuba is a strongly Republican county in presidential and congressional elections. The last Democratic presidential nominee to win a majority in the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976.

United States presidential election results for Yuba County, California^[18]^{[note 3]}
Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
Year	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	18,491	61.49%	10,725	35.66%	856	2.85%
2020	17,676	59.32%	11,230	37.69%	890	2.99%
2016	13,170	57.27%	7,910	34.39%	1,918	8.34%
2012	11,275	57.06%	7,711	39.02%	775	3.92%
2008	12,007	56.10%	8,866	41.43%	528	2.47%
2004	12,076	67.00%	5,687	31.55%	261	1.45%
2000	9,838	61.00%	5,546	34.39%	743	4.61%
1996	7,971	51.53%	5,789	37.42%	1,710	11.05%
1992	7,333	43.40%	5,785	34.24%	3,777	22.36%
1988	8,937	61.37%	5,444	37.38%	182	1.25%
1984	9,780	63.52%	5,339	34.68%	278	1.81%
1980	7,942	56.28%	4,896	34.70%	1,273	9.02%
1976	5,496	44.74%	6,451	52.51%	338	2.75%
1972	6,623	56.95%	4,435	38.13%	572	4.92%
1968	5,371	48.17%	4,461	40.01%	1,318	11.82%
1964	4,964	42.29%	6,766	57.64%	9	0.08%
1960	5,293	51.72%	4,882	47.71%	58	0.57%
1956	4,782	55.76%	3,767	43.92%	27	0.31%
1952	5,840	60.42%	3,762	38.92%	63	0.65%
1948	3,403	46.85%	3,608	49.68%	252	3.47%
1944	2,379	42.14%	3,254	57.63%	13	0.23%
1940	2,471	34.24%	4,660	64.57%	86	1.19%
1936	1,332	23.95%	4,125	74.18%	104	1.87%
1932	1,176	26.17%	3,138	69.84%	179	3.98%
1928	2,022	50.02%	1,990	49.23%	30	0.74%
1924	1,735	45.88%	426	11.26%	1,621	42.86%
1920	2,012	70.70%	696	24.46%	138	4.85%
1916	1,530	42.10%	1,980	54.49%	124	3.41%
1912	17	0.65%	1,242	47.57%	1,352	51.78%
1908	1,270	55.24%	902	39.23%	127	5.52%
1904	1,235	63.37%	633	32.48%	81	4.16%
1900	1,179	54.08%	971	44.54%	30	1.38%
1896	1,204	53.82%	991	44.30%	42	1.88%
1892	1,079	45.41%	1,198	50.42%	99	4.17%
1888	1,130	46.37%	1,170	48.01%	137	5.62%
1884	1,214	52.55%	1,047	45.32%	49	2.12%
1880	1,165	49.43%	1,185	50.28%	7	0.30%

In the United States House of Representatives, Yuba County is split between California's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican Doug LaMalfa, and California's 3rd congressional district, represented by Republican Kevin Kiley.

In the California State Legislature, the county is in the 4th Senate District, represented by Republican Marie Alvarado-Gil,^[19] and the 3rd Assembly District, represented by Republican James Gallagher.

Transportation

Major highways

Public transportation

Yuba Sutter Transit operates local bus service, as well as commuter runs to downtown Sacramento. Greyhound buses stop in Marysville.

Airports

Yuba County Airport is 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Marysville. It is a general-aviation airport.

Brownsville Aero Pines Airport is off La Porte Rd in Brownsville.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1850	9,673		—
1860	13,668		41.3%
1870	10,851		−20.6%
1880	11,284		4.0%
1890	9,636		−14.6%
1900	8,620		−10.5%
1910	10,042		16.5%
1920	10,375		3.3%
1930	11,331		9.2%
1940	17,034		50.3%
1950	24,420		43.4%
1960	33,859		38.7%
1970	44,736		32.1%
1980	49,733		11.2%
1990	58,228		17.1%
2000	60,219		3.4%
2010	72,155		19.8%
2020	81,575		13.1%
2023 (est.)	85,722	^[20]	5.1%
U.S. Decennial Census^[21] 1790–1960^[22] 1900–1990^[23] 1990–2000^[24] 2010^[25] 2020^[26]

2020 census

Yuba County, California – Racial and ethnic composition
The US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000^[27]	Pop 2010^[25]	Pop 2020^[26]	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	39,320	42,416	41,750	65.30%	58.78%	51.18%
Black or African American alone (NH)	1,795	2,122	2,831	2.98%	2.94%	3.47%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	1,306	1,260	1,034	2.17%	1.75%	1.27%
Asian alone (NH)	4,480	4,710	5,583	7.44%	6.53%	6.84%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	98	270	372	0.16%	0.37%	0.46%
Other race alone (NH)	120	102	459	0.20%	0.14%	0.56%
Mixed race or Multi-racial (NH)	2,651	3,224	6,026	4.40%	4.47%	7.39%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	10,449	18,051	23,520	17.35%	25.02%	28.83%
Total	60,219	72,155	81,575	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

2011

Population, race, and income
Total population^[14]	71,817
White^[14]	50,090	69.7%
Black or African American^[14]	1,879	2.6%
American Indian or Alaska Native^[14]	1,403	2.0%
Asian^[14]	5,030	7.0%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander^[14]	225	0.3%
Some other race^[14]	8,260	11.5%
Two or more races^[14]	4,930	6.9%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)^[28]	17,687	24.6%
Per capita income^[29]	$20,046
Median household income^[30]	$46,617
Median family income^[31]	$52,775

Places by population, race, and income

Places by population and race
Place	Type^[32]	Population^[14]	White^[14]	Other^[14] ^{[note 4]}	Asian^[14]	Black or African American^[14]	Native American^[14] ^{[note 5]}	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)^[28]
Beale AFB	CDP	1,818	65.6%	26.7%	5.2%	1.9%	0.7%	18.1%
Camptonville	CDP	139	97.1%	2.9%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	9.4%
Challenge-Brownsville	CDP	1,479	81.9%	10.0%	0.0%	3.4%	4.7%	8.2%
Dobbins	CDP	280	66.8%	33.2%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	42.1%
Linda	CDP	17,883	61.9%	22.7%	11.1%	1.4%	2.8%	32.3%
Loma Rica	CDP	2,648	86.1%	12.6%	1.3%	0.0%	0.0%	8.3%
Marysville	City	12,248	71.1%	15.7%	6.1%	5.7%	1.3%	26.9%
Olivehurst	CDP	13,817	64.3%	26.7%	5.2%	0.8%	3.0%	34.7%
Plumas Lake	CDP	5,834	69.6%	13.5%	8.5%	7.3%	1.1%	14.4%
Smartsville	CDP	196	99.0%	1.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	1.5%
Wheatland	City	3,381	63.6%	24.8%	5.8%	4.1%	1.7%	23.0%

Places by population and income
Place	Type^[32]	Population^[33]	Per capita income^[29]	Median household income^[30]	Median family income^[31]
Beale AFB	CDP	1,818	$15,997	$43,125	$41,711
Camptonville	CDP	139	$15,094	$17,188	$21,563
Challenge-Brownsville	CDP	1,479	$21,300	$56,538	$57,788
Dobbins	CDP	280	$35,295	$76,434	$76,176
Linda	CDP	17,883	$14,768	$39,583	$43,540
Loma Rica	CDP	2,648	$27,058	$71,838	$84,957
Marysville	City	12,248	$19,070	$37,836	$40,440
Olivehurst	CDP	13,817	$14,496	$37,488	$40,374
Plumas Lake	CDP	5,834	$27,848	$84,350	$87,636
Smartsville	CDP	196	$18,461	$50,156	$40,167
Wheatland	City	3,381	$21,852	$60,679	$63,699

2010

The 2010 United States census reported that Yuba County had a population of 72,155. The racial makeup of Yuba County was 49,332 (68.4%) White, 2,361 (3.3%) African American, 1,675 (2.3%) Native American, 4,862 (6.7%) Asian, 293 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 8,545 (11.8%) from other races, and 5,087 (7.1%) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 18,051 persons (25.0%).^[34]

Population reported at 2010 United States census
The County	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Yuba County	72,155	49,332	2,361	1,675	4,862	293	8,545	5,087	18,051
Incorporated cities	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Marysville	12,072	8,576	522	298	498	38	1,247	893	2,920
Wheatland	3,456	2,633	41	58	203	5	278	238	620
Census-designated places	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Beale AFB	1,319	949	117	32	45	8	50	118	191
Camptonville	158	117	0	15	2	0	4	20	5
Challenge-Brownsville	1,148	1,006	10	31	5	3	10	83	90
Dobbins	624	517	5	52	6	0	9	35	28
Linda	17,773	9,973	722	361	2,304	80	3,029	1,304	5,779
Loma Rica	2,368	2,085	20	60	20	2	52	129	211
Olivehurst	13,656	8,534	322	399	772	61	2,623	945	4,994
Plumas Lake	5,853	3,923	372	73	474	44	451	516	1,312
Smartsville	177	157	0	5	0	0	9	6	18
Other unincorporated areas	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
All others not CDPs (combined)	13,551	10,862	230	291	533	52	783	800	1,883

2000

As of the census^[35] of 2000, 60,219 people, 20,535 households, and 14,805 families resided in the county. The population density was 96 inhabitants per square mile (37/km²). The 22,636 housing units had an average density of 36 per square mile (14/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 70.6% White, 3.2% African American, 2.6% Native American, 7.5% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 10.0% from other races, and 5.9% from two or more races. About 17.4% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. Ancestry distribution was 11.2% German, 10.4% American, 7.6% Irish, and 7.5% English according to Census 2000; 78.8% spoke English, 13.2% Spanish, and 4.7% Hmong as their first language.

Of the 20,535 households, 38.1% had children under living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.9% were not families. About 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.87, and the average family size was 3.34.

In the county, the age distribution was 31.0% under 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 99.4 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $30,460, and for a family was $34,103. Males had a median income of $27,845 versus $21,301 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,124. About 16.3% of families and 20.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.6% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Higher education is available at Yuba Community College. The county also has a Yuba County Library system with one branch in Marysville.

Yuba County schools have a 16% suspension rate, with 2,257 students receiving suspensions out of 14,027 students enrolled in Yuba County schools.^[36]

Communities

Cities

Marysville (county seat)
Wheatland

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated communities

Ghost towns

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Yuba County.^[37]

Rank	City/Town/etc.	Municipal type	Population (2010 Census)
1	Linda	CDP	17,773
2	Olivehurst	CDP	13,656
3	Marysville (county seat)	City	12,072
4	Plumas Lake	CDP	5,853
5	Wheatland	City	3,456
6	Loma Rica	CDP	2,368
7	Beale Air Force Base	CDP	1,319
8	Challenge-Brownsville	CDP	1,148
9	Dobbins	CDP	624
10	Smartsville	CDP	177
11	Camptonville	CDP	158

Notes

^ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.
^ ^a ^b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
^ This total comprised 1,132 votes for Progressive Theodore Roosevelt (who was official Republican nominee in California), 186 votes for Socialist Eugene V. Debs and 34 votes for Prohibition Party nominee Eugene W. Chafin.
^ Other = Some other race + Two or more races
^ Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native

References

Specific

^ "Chronology". California State Association of Counties. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
^ "Welcome to Yuba County, CA".
^ "Yuba County High Point". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
^ "Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Yuba County, CA". Federal Reserve Economic Data. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
^ Sutter County Museum - Sutter County Historical Society News Bulletin (Vol. XXXV No. 1)
^ 1500 California Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning
^ "Yuba County, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
^ Caroline M. Olney. 1902
^ Biota of North America Program; County-centered estimates of the number of native species per 10000 km2 (data 2011)
^ "Observations, iNaturalist, Yuba County, CA, US". www.iNaturalist.org.
^ C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Yellow Mariposa Lily: Calochortus luteus, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg Archived October 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California). Retrieved November 14, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration Archived July 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
^ "Communities of Interest — County". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
^ "Census of Population and Housing from 1790-2000". US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
^ ^a ^b "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Yuba County, California". United States Census Bureau.
^ ^a ^b "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Yuba County, California". United States Census Bureau.
^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Yuba County, California". United States Census Bureau.
^ ^a ^b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B03003. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
^ ^a ^b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
^ ^a ^b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
^ ^a ^b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
^ ^a ^b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
^ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B01003. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
^ "2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data". United States Census Bureau.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
^ "California State - Expulsion, Suspension, and Truancy Information for 2009-10". Retrieved June 25, 2011.
^ CNMP, US Census Bureau. "This site has been redesigned and relocated. - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

General

Caroline M. Olney (December 1902). "Mountains and Valleys of Yuba County". XL (6): 567–588. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

External links

Official website

39°16′N 121°21′W / 39.27°N 121.35°W / 39.27; -121.35

[LT-note-16] Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.

[PCT-RV-19] Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.

[21] This total comprised 1,132 votes for Progressive Theodore Roosevelt (who was official Republican nominee in California), 186 votes for Socialist Eugene V. Debs and 34 votes for Prohibition Party nominee Eugene W. Chafin.

[other-36] Other = Some other race + Two or more races

[na-37] Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native

[csac-1] "Chronology". California State Association of Counties. Retrieved February 6, 2015.

[Welcome_to_Yuba_County,_CA-2] "Welcome to Yuba County, CA".

[3] "Yuba County High Point". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved March 30, 2015.

[4] "Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Yuba County, CA". Federal Reserve Economic Data. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

[5] Sutter County Museum - Sutter County Historical Society News Bulletin (Vol. XXXV No. 1)

[6] 1500 California Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning

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